Organizations are developing net-zero emissions strategies to take tangible climate action. These strategies often require close collaboration with customers, business partners, and suppliers. For many organizations, more than 80% of their overall carbon footprint is from scope 3 emissions, which are indirect emissions resulting from activities such as the procurement of goods and services.

The global supply chain continues to contribute to a significant part of our social and environmental impacts. At SAP, we are working towards a sustainable supply chain by eliminating single-use plastics, decreasing carbon emissions, enforcing human rights, and closely collaborating with a diverse supplier network – including social enterprises – across our seven procurement categories. As a purpose-driven company, we are always looking for ways to improve through our global procurement organization. Sustainable procurement practices have become one of the key enablers in achieving net-zero targets.

At SAP, we aim to establish a multi-phased supply chain engagement program by 2024 for our key suppliers to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions along our upstream value chain. The program will incorporate environmental considerations throughout the procurement process by integrating a new sustainability classification system and embedding environmental impact criteria in procurement documentation.

“Reducing scope 3 emissions is a key factor on the journey to net zero. This is a team effort, and we are happy to collaborate with our business partners on reducing emissions throughout our supply chain,” said Dominik Asam, chief financial officer and member of the Executive Board of SAP SE. “With our supply chain engagement program, we will integrate a new sustainability classification system into our procurement process and embed environmental impact criteria in our procurement documentation.”

We plan to work with our top 100 suppliers to report and record product-level emissions. We aim to have all of our top 100 suppliers report their company-wide emissions and product-level emissions for relevant key products by 2027, allowing SAP to report emissions based on actuals instead of averages. Standardizing and sharing sustainability data securely provides clarity on exactly who is accountable to reduce emissions. We plan to leverage SAP Sustainability Data Exchange for CO2 information exchange. This will help increase transparency through the supply chain, so we can mutually act to significantly reduce scope 3 emissions and support SAP’s 2030 net-zero commitment.

Fine motor skills, the precise movement of small muscles in the hands and fingers, are impaired when humans transition from microgravity to a planetary surface according to a multi-year study led by Leidos scientist Dr. Kritina Holden.

The study, part of NASA’s Human Research Program, won best publication in its category in the 2023 Leidos Technical Publication Awards which recognize excellence in scientific research.

Why you should know: Precise hand-eye coordination is required to operate next-generation space technology including touchscreens, small vehicle controls, spacesuits, robotic arms and more. As NASA plans for deep space missions, these findings will inform how to engineer equipment that accounts for impaired dexterity.

Holden’s team studied performance before, during and after missions aboard the International Space Station (ISS) over the course of several years using a touchscreen app that measured response time and accuracy on tasks like pointing, dragging and tracing shapes.

Results suggest gravitational transitions could negatively impact fine motor skills for extended periods of time and up to one month after returning to Earth.

Overall, this means astronauts may not be immediately capable of performing at their best after long journeys in space.

From the source: “We know that the human body is impacted by the deleterious effects of spaceflight,” writes Holden. “Space travelers will endure many challenges as they embark on future long-duration missions beyond low Earth orbit including isolation, confinement, a closed environment, space radiation and long-duration microgravity.”

Holden said the study will help NASA better understand the unique effects of microgravity on the central nervous system and opens the door for further investigation and countermeasures.

Holden, a Leidos Technical Fellow in Human Factors, conducted the study in support of NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston.

Please contact the Leidos media relations team for more information.

Related:

Human factors from desktop to Deep SpaceWhat is space archaeology?Leidos stows cargo for first all-private space mission

CNH Industrial have integrated a carpooling app as a mobility solution to support their colleagues’ commute to and from work and to reduce pollution and road congestion.

With UP2GO, CNH Industrial’s employees will be able to organize sharing journeys in a simple and effective way. Free of charge, their commutes will be more environmentally friendly, more efficient, and less expensive.

The ‘Community’ feature in the app allows communication with other colleagues who have similar hours and routes, where you can offer, request, and plan shared trips to and from their workplace.

The app also allows the opportunity to add points for each journey made (both as a driver and as a passenger) and to redeem ‘green’ prizes. You can also certify cycled or walked journeys as well.

The integration of the UP2GO app into CNH Industrial’s workplace emphasizes the company’s commitment to sustainability – in both the innovative technology of their products and at the plants they are built at.

NORFOLK, Va., July 24, 2023, /3BL/ – Today, Truist Foundation announced a $1.5 million grant to Urban Strategies Inc. (USI), a national nonprofit that focuses on the design and implementation of human capital development strategies in communities undergoing physical revitalization across the U.S. USI will use the funding to support its community development financial institution (CDFI) in establishing a bridge to capital and wealth creation for women- and Black-, Latine- and Indigenous-owned small businesses in Norfolk, Baltimore, Maryland, and Ft. Myers, Florida.

Truist Foundation and the USI CDFI will create an equitable loan fund and application system to attract, support and fund historically excluded communities in the three cities, equipping them with the credit, knowledge and tools to start, grow and sustain their businesses. 

“Strengthening the small business ecosystem by eliminating structural barriers to growth is one of our core focus areas at Truist Foundation,” said Lynette Bell, president of Truist Foundation. “By providing a loan fund and training support for small businesses in under-resourced communities, USI is serving as a bridge to capital, ultimately helping to close the wealth inequity gap.”

Truist Financial Virginia Regional President Thomas Ransom joined USI’s president Esther Shin to formally announce the grant during a celebration launch event at Black BRAND in Norfolk. 

“The USI CDFI is excited to elevate our support of children and families in the Norfolk community as we collaboratively address the racial wealth gap through strategic partnerships and funding that provides the much-needed capital and financial services to Black, Latine, and Indigenous borrowers in community revitalization areas,” said Shin. “The USI CDFI seeks to dismantle persistent barriers to social mobility and this partnership with Truist Foundation allows us to begin this important work.”

Minority businesses continue to encounter structural obstacles when trying to access the resources, expertise and markets needed for growth. USI’s CDFI seeks to address this inequity by propelling entrepreneurs to prosperity and economic liberation – creating middle-income, wealth-generating jobs and businesses.

“Truist is committed to supporting pathways for underserved, minority-owned small businesses and entrepreneurs to access capital and receive critical training to help achieve stability and long-term success,” said Ransom. “USI CDFI understands the obstacles that entrepreneurs in communities experiencing revitalization face and provides tailored solutions. Our partnership is an example of how we live our purpose to inspire and build better lives and communities.”

Through this partnership, USI and Truist Foundation seek to affect the root causes that hinder inclusivity and ultimately prevent families from thriving. USI has 45 years of experience working with families focused on personal and neighborhood equity and justice, ensuring all children and families can become stable and thrive. 

About Urban Strategies Inc.

Founded in 1978, Urban Strategies, Inc. is a national nonprofit leader with extensive experience in implementing results-based human capital development strategies in communities that are undergoing physical revitalization. USI supports communities while working with partners to develop economic opportunities, cradle-to-college/career success, high quality health services and a range of comprehensive service supports. The organization is leading people efforts and neighborhood transformation in 41 cities and 24 neighborhoods across the nation. USI’s mission is to help ensure that all families will be stable and thriving. For more information www.urbanstrategiesinc.org.

About USI CDFI

The USI Community Development Financial Institution (CDFI) Certification is a designation given by the CDFI Fund to specialized organizations that provide financial services in low-income communities and to people who lack access to financing. The USI CDFI provides equitable access to affordable financial products and services in underserved communities. Community-based CDFIs are located throughout the country and are dedicated to serving market niches that are often underserved by traditional financial institutions.

About Truist Foundation 

Truist Foundation is committed to Truist Financial Corporation’s (NYSE: TFC) purpose to inspire and build better lives and communities. Established in 2020, the foundation makes strategic investments in nonprofit organizations to help ensure the communities it serves have more opportunities for a better quality of life. Truist Foundation’s grants and activities focus on building career pathways to economic mobility and strengthening small businesses. Learn more at Truist.com/Foundation

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FARMINGTON, Conn., July 25, 2023 /3BL/ – “Otis is more than just elevators — we have robots, we have coders. We have a world of digital technology here to explore,” said Coulette, Otis Director, Digital Technology, North America.

Otis volunteers like Coulette step up to help community partners who are working with younger generations to ensure they instill both STEM and digital awareness skills.

For Coulette, it all started when her son got involved with a high school robotics program. She could tell that he was onto something big when she saw how passionate he was about his involvement. Soon, she found herself not just his biggest fan, but an active volunteer and mentor for the team, focused on using four key skills based on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math, or STEM.

As part of our ESG goals, Otis aims to achieve 500,000 colleague volunteer hours in support of vibrant communities, STEM education and social equity efforts globally by 2030. In addition, we also strive to impact 15,000 students through STEM-focused programming by 2030. Our signature Made to Move CommunitiesTM program is a key focus area of our STEM commitment. Since its launch three years ago, we have engaged and inspired 500+ young minds around the world in STEM education, empowering them to imagine new inclusive mobility solutions for people in their local communities.

Let’s learn more about Coulette, as well as some of her fellow colleagues who are volunteering with organizations in their communities. Together they are helping the next generation flex and develop STEM curiosity, skills and ambition to become future experts in tech and leadership.

Coulette, Director, Digital Technology, North America

Coulette learned about FIRST® thanks to her son. After seeing his involvement on the team, it wasn’t long until she decided to volunteer as a mentor for his team. Through this program, teams of students are challenged to design, build, and program robots to compete for local, regional and global awards, all while they create a team identity, raise funds, hone teamwork skills, and advance respect and appreciation for STEM within their local learning community.

The FIRST Robotics Competition gives high school students and their adult mentors the opportunity to work to create a robot together that solves a common problem based on an annual theme. The 2023 season theme focused on energy and sustainable development.

“I was so excited about what the kids were doing and learning, that I wanted to get involved, as well,” Coulette said. “It’s been two years now and I don’t plan to stop volunteering, despite my son’s recent graduation from the team. Most of these kids go on to universities with a STEM focus,” she said. “They are our future. They’ve learned so much through FIRST that it really inspired them to go on and pursue these advanced degrees. This program is a smart pipeline to bring these bright and capable minds into our industry, as well.”

Mustapha, Senior Engineer, Lead Design Center Berlin, Germany

Mustapha has been a judge for more than two decades for an important student science competition across Germany called Jugend forscht. Students ages 10 through 21 research, invent and experiment in seven scientific and technical categories during this STEM-based competition.

“It’s important to support students as they develop ways to turn their ideas into reality,” Mustapha said. “Once they have identified an interesting topic, 
they explore it using scientific, technical or mathematical methods to find an innovative solution to overcome a specific problem. As a judge, I evaluate concepts. But I also help the teams with preparation, documentation, and presentations, so that they can realize their ideas successfully.”

Mustapha recalls how one student in his region made it through to the final round of the country-wide competition and earned the prize awarded by the chancellor of Germany.

“That student went on to create a startup with his idea and is now very successful. It’s rewarding to say we can be a part of that process – of helping the next generation shape their ideas into reality,” Mustapha said. “We all have a responsibility to the society where we live. Volunteering is also a great way to represent Otis. The contest participants learn a lot about Otis and the technology we use, such as IoT, sensor technology and software engineering.”

Sagnik, General Manager (GM) Human Resources, Otis India

One of the areas that the non-profit Samarthanam Trust for the Disabled focuses on is education to build an inclusive society. Otis India Human Resources GM Sagnik, along with other volunteers, has worked with Samarthanam to spark students’ interest and knowledge in STEM curriculum in schools, while nurturing their creativity, collaboration and problem-solving skills.

Since 2021, Samarthanam impacted more 
than 60,000 students from rural and underprivileged communities by setting up STEM centers and Tinkering Labs in 70 schools across Delhi, Kolkata, Thane, Pune, Mumbai, Bangalore and Chennai. With Otis sponsorship, Samarthanam organizes STEM fairs, exhibitions and competitions in STEM centers across India.

“The work is important,” said Sagnik. “When we volunteer through Otis, we participate in the programs and activities that help the school run the STEM programs.”

“The excitement among children helped me to reconnect with the child in me,” he continued. “All the subjects – Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics play vital roles in shaping the future. The program has given children the opportunity to get more exposure and learning opportunities. I’m glad to be a part of an organization that makes a positive difference in our society.”

Zhiyuan, a commissioning engineer at Otis Electric (OE)

Otis Electric Engineer Zhiyuan uses his spare time to train teachers and students at a local vocational school bringing elevator installation and digitalization technology knowledge to the next generation of mechanics.

Zhiyuan has been volunteering for several years and has been recognized as the best “volunteering teacher” in the vocational school.

In his daily work, Zhiyuan provides technical support to help branches solve complex problems, conducts quality checks of installation and commissioning work, and analyzes and promotes digital applications. His expertise provides a solid foundation for his volunteer work as a lecturer and the variety of training sessions he offers from elevator basics, installation and inspection standards, and product testing methods.

“Working in this industry for more than a decade, my experience in fieldwork and with digital tools is worth sharing with our future talent. A strong talent pipeline enables a stronger industry in the future,” he said. “I believe that good communication and the exchange of diverse ideas will spark growth.”

Stories like these are just part of our overall mission to help the communities where we live, work and thrive. As we strive to do our part to foster more vibrant communities, we must ensure the connections we make are positive, sustainable and inclusive.

To learn more about the work and impact of Otis volunteers worldwide, visit https://www.otis.com/en/us/our-company/social-impact.

Paychex THRIVE, a Business Podcast 

Get timely insights from industry leaders, policy experts, and newsmakers about current marketplace conditions, new legislation, and innovations impacting businesses today. Find out how to take on big challenges, propel your business forward, and THRIVE. And be sure to tune in to our weekly podcast, “Week in Review,” where our host Gene Marks visits the most valuable weekly news that impacts business owners.

How T-Mobile Is Supporting New Technologies – Season 4, Episode 71

Take a listen to this episode of Paychex THRIVE, a Business Podcast, to hear as host Gene Marks and Mike Katz, President of Marketing, Innovation, and Experience at T-Mobile talk about the mobile technology landscape. Learn why it’s so important for businesses to stay on top of the mobile industry, the impact of the 4G era, the future of 5G, how mobile networks support new technologies, and so much more.

View Transcript:

Speaker 1 (00:03): Welcome to Paychex THRIVE, a Business Podcast, where you’ll hear timely insights to help you navigate marketplace dynamics and propel your business forward. Here’s your host, Gene Marks.

Gene Marks (00:19): Hey everybody. Welcome back, my name is Gene Marks, to another episode of the Paychex THRIVE podcast. We are thrilled to have you and I’m really super happy to have Mike Katz with me. Mike is the President of Marketing, Innovation & Experience at T-Mobile. First of all, Mike, thank you so much for joining me.

Mike Katz (00:36): Thanks, Gene. It’s so great to be here. Thanks for having me.

Gene Marks (00:38): So first of all, looking at your title, is that CMO, is that below CMO? Where are you in the whole organizational structure of T-Mobile?

Mike Katz (00:49): I guess we need to get more creative with our title. Yeah. The way our organization is set up, I have responsibility for essentially all the traditional marketing functions. I actually have four CMOs that report to me that work closely with the different lines of business and run the marketing for those different lines of business. But I also have responsibility for product at T-Mobile, we have a product organization. I have responsibility for our wholesale business. So, a lot of the work that we do with MVNOs, so companies like Mint Mobile and companies like Google Fi who buy network assets from us and then repackage them under their own brands. All that is within my team as well.

Gene Marks (01:34): How long have you been with the company?

Mike Katz (01:38): I’m going to have my 25-year anniversary this year.

Gene Marks (01:41): Amazing.

Mike Katz (01:41): So, I started when I was in middle school, as you can tell, and 25 years later here I am.

Gene Marks (01:46): I mean, did you start out selling phones in stores? Are you one of those guys or was it a different path?

Mike Katz (01:52): Yeah, close to that. I was in college and I needed a job and I essentially got a part-time job with the predecessor company of T-Mobile, which was a small regional cell phone company called VoiceStream Wireless. And my first job was I would sit in very, very illustrious retailers like Circuit City and Sears and help their salespeople sell VoiceStream cell phones. And I did that in part-time basis for my last two years of college and then graduated and was offered a full-time position launching at the time, the biggest commercial market for VoiceStream, Chicago. So I went to Chicago about a year before we launched that market and helped launch our services there.

Gene Marks (02:40): Mike, I promise you we’re going to get to T-Mobile and mobile technology and talk about all that, but it’s a crazy story. So, you’re really kind of at a low-level salesperson or sales support person right out of college with this organization and now you’re at an extremely high level within the company. I mean obviously, there’s luck involved, but how did you get there? I’m curious how that happened. Is this like 20-hour days of work? Was it just right place, right time, combination of different things? I’m fascinated by that.

Mike Katz (03:18): Yeah, I think things like this are never one thing. I feel extremely fortunate and I… I mean I suppose you could say luck plays a role in a lot of these things a lot of times. I think there’s a couple of specific things that helped me. One was… And I think this is important for everybody that’s in any kind of job is, it’s really about results. You have to be able to demonstrate that you can get results and I fortunately have been and been able to assemble teams throughout my career that have been able to really drive meaningful change and meaningful results. I also think… I mean there’s definitely sacrifice that comes with these jobs too. Early in my career, I moved seven times all over the country. Fortunately, the first couple, it was just me. So the only person I was affecting was me. But the last couple of moves I did, I was married and I had kids and so we picked up the family and moved around.

Mike Katz (04:19): So, I do think there is some sacrifice and a little bit of going where the opportunity is. And as part of that, and there’s one thing I… It is funny, I just recently did a… I was asked to do the commencement speech at my alma mater a couple of weeks ago and one of the things I really focused on when I spoke was this idea of taking risks in your career and not letting the structured plan that you have for yourself dictate what you do and cause you to miss opportunities that are right in your face.

Mike Katz (04:58): And I think for me, I can point to a couple of different jobs that I had the opportunity to do that were presented in front of me that I was really scared to take and I was like, “Ah, I don’t know if I want to do this job.” And if I hadn’t done them, there’s no way I’d be in this job that I’m in right now. And so, one of the things I also feel like helped me, and I always tell everybody that ask me a similar question is, if the next job that you take doesn’t terrify you some, then you probably shouldn’t do it.

Gene Marks (05:30): Yeah, it’s great advice. And you also have to think to yourself, what’s the worst that can happen? I mean honestly. Completely if you fail and you lose your job, there’s plenty of other jobs that are out there, but you can’t be 80 years old and looking back and saying, I should have done this or I should have done that. You got to go for it.

Mike Katz (05:45): Absolutely. I think you always regret more what you don’t do versus what you do, always.

Gene Marks (05:51): A hundred percent.

Mike Katz (05:51): Yeah.

Gene Marks (05:52): Yeah. You also brought up a good point about, you moved around a lot so there was like sacrifice. I worked at KPMG for nine years and I was a senior manager of… One of the main reasons why I didn’t become a partner is because I didn’t do what you did. My wife was not willing to move. We had little kids. She moved all the way from London when we got married. So, you make those decisions and it’s been fine and it’s been a very good decision. But if you want to succeed in a corporate environment like you are at… I truly believe in it. It’s just a lesson for people watching or listening to this that are younger. Whether you’re owning a business, you’re a manager in a business, people that hire we’re… I mean, we’re always looking for people that are just going to get stuff done and not say no. I mean, that’s really what we’re looking for. And it sounds like that was kind of the way you’ve been and the way you probably still are.

Mike Katz (06:44): Yeah, I hope so. That’s what I aspire to be. And it is hard. One of the tricks for me is I told my wife when we moved to Seattle in 2007 that it would be a two-year move, and now it’s 2023, we’re still in Seattle. So I do get reminded about that every once in a while. But yeah, I mean you got to roll the dice on these things, and at the end of the day, in any company, performance and results do matter. And it’s not just taking the risk, but it is demonstrating that you can execute. And you have to be able to point to tangible examples of where you have been able to put your fingerprints on things and it’s translated into results. And I think having that in the back of your mind as you’re working on a project or working on a new part of the business is really, really important. You want to be able to show small successes and get points on the scoreboard.

Gene Marks (07:48): Yeah, it’s great advice. It really is. All right, mobile technology. So, it’s changed a little bit since you first started back in the VoiceStream days. Let’s look back in the past a little bit and then we’ll look towards the future first of all. Again, our audience are business owners like myself. How’s the environment for mobile technology changed in the past just few years that… Just explain to us where we are compared to where we were just a few years ago.

Mike Katz (08:22): Yeah, I mean I think we’re at the very beginnings of another huge generational change in mobile. And if you go back, call it 10 years ago, if you remember what happened in mobile, we went from an environment where your phone was a thing that you talked on and maybe sent some text messages to the 4G era in mobile phones really opened the door for the mobile internet. One of the things that Mike, our CEO often says is, “Over the last 10 years, content is moving from its linear format onto the internet, and at the same time the internet is moving more and more mobile,” and 4G really was the catalyst for that. And if you look at what happened in the business environment, companies that really embraced that and got behind it went from unicorns into the biggest companies in the world.

Mike Katz (09:21): You think about the Googles, the Facebooks, even some of the startups at the beginning of the 4G era like the Ubers and the Airbnbs. And companies like that that embraced mobile as their business platform really thrived in this 4G era. And now we are I think really starting to get into what is another big generational shift with 5G. And 5G has got a ton of ingredients that make this by far the most powerful mobile platform that we’ve seen to date as the next generation would suggest. But I think it’s converging with an environment, particularly around generative AI and big data that is really going to change the way eventually, I think that all of us work and all of us interact with our devices.

Mike Katz (10:18): I think what we’re going to see here over the next few years is going to be as big as when PC computers became a thing, as big as when mobile initially launched. I think we’re really hitting this next big step change in technology with generative AI and these large language models that are powering it. And you’re seeing bits and pieces of it with things like ChatGPT. But I think over the next couple of years, fundamentally the way that a lot of work gets done is going to change in a way that we haven’t seen in a couple of decades.

Gene Marks (10:53): I heard…Elon Musk was interviewed. I talked about this before on my podcast. One of my favorite podcasts is a guy named Lex Fridman who does a… He is an AI guy and a technology guy. And it was like a three-hour interview with Elon Musk about a year ago, and they were talking about self-driving cars because he’s trying to do that with Tesla, and Musk was saying how it’s a lot harder than he thought it was going to be. Now if he says it’s a lot harder than he thought it was going to be, that clearly means that it was pretty hard.

Gene Marks (11:22): One of the…the biggest obstacle that he has and still has is that for a car to make a decision, a self-driving decision, it has to take into account all these factors of an environment all around just like we do in our minds, and then make this split-second decision otherwise it runs over a puppy. You know what I mean? And the processing power that’s needed, the networking power, the broadband power that’s needed to process this stuff, it’s just not there yet. Which brings to my question for you is, we’re at 5G now, whatever that means. I’m assuming there’s 6G, 7G, 10G, I mean there’s got… For all that AI to work that you’re talking about, it’s going to need more powerful networks, and is that what T-Mobile is doing?

Mike Katz (12:16): Yeah, we are. And look, I still think we’re very, very early in the 5G days, and that use case that you just brought up is a perfect example of what I think the promise of a 5G network is. Because in order for all of that AI to work in that situation, in a car that’s on a road somewhere, you need the processing to happen, but it needs to happen and react in a split-second. And I think one of the big changes that you see from 4G and 5G and the network is latency. It is moving from a dozens and dozens of milliseconds of latency in a 4G network to… I think you’re going to see… And you’re already seeing some places where this happens, networks that perform it way under 10 milliseconds so that when that dog jumps into the road and the car has to recognize that and stop that, it’s backed up with a network that can process and put the right commands to that car in time for it not to ruin some poor kid’s day that their dog got run over.

Gene Marks (13:24): Yeah, I think there’s still ways to go and there’s a lot to go within 5G. Let me ask you some other questions. And again, as a business, these are questions that I get from my clients as well. When they’re looking for different carriers and they consider a T-Mobile, you have your competitors as well. So two-part question. First of all, I mean you guys have been around for a while and your competitors have been around for a while. Is there a point where you guys reach a commodity level like one’s no different than the other, or do you still feel that there will always be differentiation between the major carriers like yourselves and your competitors?

Mike Katz (14:04): I mean I think there’ll always be differentiation, and I think it happens in two dimensions. One is on the core product itself, which is our network, and I’ll come back to that in a second. And then the second one is on… I’ll call it value proposition. I think in both areas you see some really significant differentiation between the companies. If you look at network and if you look at what’s happening in 5G, and I think generally in our space there’s a little bit of a perception that these are big phone companies, they’re not the digital native companies. They’re really slow-moving Goliaths and how they were five years ago, probably today the phone companies aren’t that much different. And I think that couldn’t be further from the truth.

Gene Marks (14:50): Because by the way, what you just mentioned, that is the perception. That is what I hear from my clients.

Mike Katz (14:56): Yeah, I definitely think that’s the perception. And I think it’s actually one of the biggest opportunities for T-Mobile because if you look at what’s happened to our company over the last five years, our core product, our network is been completely transformed. And one of the big catalysts for that was our merger with Sprint. And one of the things that happened with this merger with Sprint is Sprint had a huge amount of unused mid-band wireless spectrum in the 2.5 GHz range. And I’m not going to geek out on wireless spectrum unless you really want to. But one of the reasons why that was important is what we’re seeing with 5G is 5G is really… Where the what we call the Goldilocks area for 5G, where the most impactful 5G use cases and experiences are happening is in the mid-band spectrum ranges.

Mike Katz (15:58): Wireless spectrum really is in three different ranges. We have low band, which is kind of like AM radio, where we can put a tower up and it covers a large area, but the performance isn’t as powerful. Mid-band, which has a nice balance of being able to have a large coverage area, but also really, really strong performance. And then millimeter wave, which happens up in the really high frequencies where the performance is incredible, but the propagation is really low, like a pane of glass or a hand will block the signal. So, mid-band is where we’re really seeing this 5G race play out. And T-Mobile is in an incredible position in mid-band spectrum, and we’ve got more deployed than anyone else.

Mike Katz (16:44): And what happened is, the Sprint acquisition really became a catalyst for T-Mobile to… Admittedly in the 4G era, T-Mobile was the laggard. We were the last to deploy 4G and we were playing catch up for a decade with Verizon in particular on 4G. But we looked at this Sprint acquisition as an opportunity not just to launch 5G but leapfrog everybody else on 5G. And that’s exactly what’s played out. In the three years since we bought Sprint, we have deployed the biggest, most powerful 5G network in the world. And just to give some context to that, our 5G footprint in square miles is bigger than AT&T and Verizon combined. Combined. We cover at the end of this year 300 million people with 5G. And that’s important because where we’re going to cover at the end of this year that our two main competitors haven’t even announced plans at any point in the future to get there.

Mike Katz (17:46): So, this merger gave us at least a two-year headstart, but if you look at some of the innovations that we are continuing to launch, we’re the only network that has a fully dedicated 5G core, meaning our 5G traffic flows through a 5G network core. Our competitors, their 5G traffic goes through their 4G core first, which gives you smaller coverage rings and higher latency. We were the first to deploy that. And then we’ve got some spectrum aggregations and some other capabilities that we’ve launched in the network that’s given us this two-year lead that we don’t see going away anytime soon. Two years from now, we will still have a two-year lead on 5G with between AT&T and Verizon. So I think there’s still significant differentiation that’s happening in network in particularly the 5G technology.

Mike Katz (18:45): And then if you look at the history of our company, particularly over the last decade where we have really stood out and where we’ve both changed the industry but also set ourselves apart from AT&T and Verizon is how we’ve built our value proposition. We have prided ourselves on disrupting the industry and changing the rules of the industry in favor for our customers.

Mike Katz (19:13): Looking at the pain points that existed. You go back… You don’t have to go back that far, like 10 years ago, think about how painful this industry was if you were a wireless consumer. You had two-year contracts that really had no meaningful benefit, there was no unlimited plans, you couldn’t ever upgrade your phone. If you went international, you were coming back with a $2,000 bill. Those were all things that we systematically launched innovations against and not only set ourselves apart by differentiating our proposition for customers, we forced the rest of the industry to change. So now all of those things I just said have all been solved at AT&T or Verizon because they went through multiple quarters of losing customers and we’re like, “Oh my gosh, we better do something.” And they ended up changing their proposition.

Mike Katz (19:57): So, we are going to stay on our front foot for that. We actually just launched another one of our, what we call these Un-carrier Moves in April. And you’re not going to see us stop. We will continue to look for opportunities in the marketplace where customers aren’t getting treated right and unleash big T-Mobile innovation against them, which is going to keep us, I think now and in the future, materially differentiated from what AT&T and Verizon do because we just run this company with a different ethos. It’s centered around customers, it’s listening to customers, and then going and doing what they’re telling us to do, which is not the way these other guys run their companies.

Gene Marks (20:36): Well, it’s funny. I mean everybody will have their point of view. I can tell you about the entire industry overall. I mean, I’ve been using cell phones since the BlackBerry, and you can’t even compare it to the way it was 10, 20 years ago. And where my mobile device might have been a source of headaches for me even a few years ago, different things, I have to admit that I never really think about it. And that’s something to be said not only just for T-Mobile but for the entire industry has improved that much. Even buying a phone nowadays has become so much easier for a business owner. I mean, you can do it online and set it up remotely instead of having to go in the store and going through the nightmare that it is with some of these retail locations, which I’m sure you remember.

Gene Marks (21:24): I mean a pat on the back for all of that. And it’s not just for T-Mobile, but it’s for the industry. You talk about innovation, you talk about experience, I mean a lot of it is the devices that business people are using. I’m kind of curious what is exciting you about the future when it comes to hardware? So I’ve got two things that would excite me and then you can comment on that, but then also you can add. First of all, I’m curious to get your thoughts on battery technology because I travel a lot and it’s still a fistfight for an outlet in any airport to charge phones. Everybody deals with that issue. And I’m curious, but somebody that’s in the center of all of this, there’s so many businesses that depend on this stuff, where you see that going and what might T-Mobile be doing about it? That’s number one.

Gene Marks (22:08): The other is also just virtual and augmented reality devices. Apple just released their latest headset, which is cool for gamers. And I don’t know if you’re into the metaverse or if you’re a gamer, but it’s just ain’t… I’m not wearing that headset. Do you know what I mean? Like a complete idiot doing it. You know what I mean? Until we see mobile technology, like a pair of glasses that looks like a real pair of glasses where I can switch into a virtual world and have a meeting that way. I don’t know. I guess I’m turning back to you to say, okay, so Mike, you’re in the middle of this, you’re seeing where things are going. Tell us where you see some of this hardware going that you’re going to be using.

Mike Katz (22:51): Yeah, maybe we can hit the augmented reality first.

Gene Marks (22:56): Okay.

Mike Katz (22:57): It’s such an interesting space. And I do think it was really interesting that Apple made their big announcements at their Developers Conference there. It’s a space I’ve been following for a long time. We have the Oculus glasses at home, my kids use them. One of the thing-

Gene Marks (23:16): Which, by the way, unbelievable when you put them on. When you wear them, it’s like they’re incredible stuff. Super fun.

Mike Katz (23:23): Yeah. I mean, you really feel transported into another space. I think the challenge that they’ve had up to this point is there’s not a lot of content. There doesn’t seem to be a big robust developer community building lots of experiences, and what I’ve-

Gene Marks (23:39): But isn’t it because with the… When they introduced the iPhone, there wasn’t a lot of content either, but because the iPhone was so awesome, a flock of developers came to it and built content around it. So it was kind of driven by the hardware, I guess is what my thought is.

Mike Katz (23:55): Yeah. Which is why I’m really interested with Apple going into this space because I think Apple could be a huge catalyst to spark a developer revolution on this platform. That just hasn’t happened up to this point. And this might be the first step in… I mean the iPhone is such a great proxy because if you think about where the iPhone started and how the hardware evolved, the hardware really started to evolve around the App Store and all the content that was being developed by developers. And my guess is the AR, the hardware itself is going to follow a similar path. That this is probably a first step of many for Apple and others into this space. And as the content becomes much more robust from a really thriving developer community, my guess is you’re going to see a lot more innovation in the hardware, get smaller, more glasses actually look cool, actually be something that you could wear on a daily basis. But I think the content and the developer community needs to catch up to that. But Apple being in there feels like a big, big monumental change in that space.

Gene Marks (25:13): I still say, can you see yourself sitting in a meeting in a conference room somewhere with six other people and everybody’s wearing these headsets? That’s just not going to happen.

Mike Katz (25:22): Yeah. I kind of hope not. I think it’s a little bit weird. But I could see, and we have seen. You’ve seen some of this with HoloLens and stuff, some really interesting use cases that I think are valuable. You think about stuff like-

Gene Marks (25:35): Training.

Mike Katz (25:36):… employee training.

Gene Marks (25:36): Yeah.

Mike Katz (25:37): Yeah. I mean there’s tons of training applications for it. You think about even use cases in our business where we send texts to go service cell sites and you have somebody that’s relatively new or an issue that’s uncommon. And being able to use technologies like augmented reality to be able to identify and provide real troubleshooting steps, I think those things could be really valuable. But I also am bullish on innovators and developers and I think we’ll see use cases that none of us have thought of end up emerging on that platform.

Gene Marks (26:16): Are you confident that your networks… And when I speak about yours, T-Mobile with the industry stuff. If that explosion happens, you’ll be able to service that demand? Does that concern the powers that be at all?

Mike Katz (26:32): No. I mean that’s kind of what our network is built for. Our network is built to support use cases like this. Because for augmented reality to really work, for it to be able to do things like visually see something, recognize it, and provide you prompts, or even more simple to not have you feel queasy when you’re using it, which is one of the things, I don’t know if you get that experience. When I put those on for more than five minutes, I feel really queasy. Driving to lower and lower latency solves both of those things. And that’s really what our network is designed for. In a way that has huge advantages over a way, a lot of these are being deployed right now, which is really connecting to wifi, which is relying on whatever the fixed network you’re on. If you really want to take AR experiences to the next level, it needs to work wherever you are. In which case the only technology that will support that is mobile network.

Mike Katz (27:30): So, our network is built to do that. And I would say one good demonstration of the fact that our network is built to do that is I do think the first killer use case that’s been built for 5G is what’s happening in fixed mobile wireless or fixed mobile broadband. We announced last quarter we have over 3 million customers that are using our wireless network as their home broadband network, where it’s displaced cable or fiber or whatever their previous incumbent was. You could never do something like that where you have a broadband experience that’s comparable or better to what you were getting with cable, where you’re using not just dozens of gigabits but hundreds and hundreds of gigabits because it’s powering all the experiences inside your house off of the mobile network. That could not exist in a 4G world, that’s only happening in a 5G world. So I bring that up as an example because you asked about are we worried about capacity and these things overwhelming the network. No, because right now we’re supporting over 3 million customers that are using hundreds of gigabits on their home broadband.

Gene Marks (28:41): And I do want to get your thoughts on batteries, but just because you bring that point up, it does mean that the future for a lot of businesses is that they won’t be needing their hardwired internet connections or their local cable providers or whatever, that they can be running their businesses on their phone networks, their phone systems cloud-based over their mobile broadband provider. And they shouldn’t feel concerned or uncomfortable that the network wouldn’t be able to handle that kind of traffic because that’s the issue. And you have to realize that a lot of business owners are older. I mean half of us are over the age of 50. So we remember back in the days of dial-up and all that stuff that you just… There’s no way you could have run your… This wasn’t even thought. But that’s not the reality today or in the future, is it?

Mike Katz (29:33): It’s not. And I think because a little bit of that fear, I think small businesses in particular get taken advantage of. Because you look at what broadband alternatives have historically been out there, broadband’s kind of been a monopoly. Businesses oftentimes have one choice of who they can go to for broadband, and oftentimes the connection that’s being sold to them is the exact same connection that they’re buying at home, but because they’re a business, it’s jacked way up.

Gene Marks (30:04): Tell me about it.

Mike Katz (30:05): Which is kind of a ridiculous thing because businesses tend to use far less network asset than people do at home because-

Gene Marks (30:14): We’re not watching Netflix.

Mike Katz (30:16): … depending on your business you’re… You’re not watching Netflix and you’re not gaming and doing all those kinds of things. So, the model has never made a lot of sense. But I think that fear of either not having a choice or seeing some of these other choices like, hey, this is the most important technology in my business and it has to work, has prevented people from switching. But what we’re seeing, and I think what the industry is seeing is more and more businesses are seeing that there is an alternative and an alternative where you don’t have to sacrifice any of the performance. And I think that is a game-changer for businesses. You shouldn’t have to pay hundreds and hundreds of dollars for your broadband in your small businesses, there’s better choices now.

Gene Marks All right, we’re almost out of time here, by the way. And I feel bad because I wanted to get some marketing and lead-generation tips from you. That’s going to have to wait for another day. However, your advice at the beginning of this conversation about how you grew within the company is really well taken. But before I let you go; I did ask you before about hardware and batteries. I mean I only have to know because it really it’s close to my heart, man. I mean, you’re in the middle of this stuff. Are we going to be seeing improvements, like significant improvements in battery? What is your forecast here?

Mike Katz (31:27): I mean I think the answer is yes. I mean, keep in mind, we don’t manufacture the devices.

Gene Marks (31:31): I know you don’t.

Mike Katz (31:34): But I will say, one of the benefits of 5G is it is much more efficient on battery and power usage. And so I think as 5G gets more widely deployed and as it continues… There’s a lot of evolution that still will happen inside 5G. I think you’ll see without any changes in the actual battery technology, the batteries becoming more efficient. I do. I’m still bullish that… It doesn’t feel like throughout this whole course of wireless, if you look at the last 20 years, that there has been big step changes in battery technology. Which is kind of weird because you’ve seen it across every other hardware component. So I’m still bullish that there’s something out there.

Mike Katz (32:20): One capability that I know has been… I’ve seen some tests of it that I still am very interested on is the truly wireless charging. Not the I stick my phone onto a pad and it’s physically touching it, but they literally walk into a room and your phone begins to charge because it’s in proximity to a wireless charger. I think that could be a real game-changer. And I know there’s several companies that are testing that, and I think that would be a really, really powerful change in the way that we use our phones when that technology-

Gene Marks (32:51): And maybe that’s the answer. Maybe that’s the answer. And health concerns aside because I’m like, oh my God, I cannot even imagine what waves are hitting my brain. But if you think about it, if airports were equipped by something like that, the minute that you walk into an airport, your phone is just charging solves the battery issue altogether. So maybe that’s the way to do it. Mike Katz is the president of Marketing, Innovation & Experience at T-Mobile. Mike, thanks so much. Your insights have been just fantastic. I want to wish you best of luck. I’m a fan of the company and I’m sure you guys will continue to kick butt in the mobile broadband world. So again, thanks for spending time with me.

Mike Katz (33:26): Yeah, thank you so much. And that was a lot of fun. I really appreciate it.

Gene Marks (33:30): It was a lot of fun and I learned a lot.

Gene Marks (33:30): Hey everybody, thanks so much for joining us. My name is Gene Marks. You’ve been watching and listening to the Paychex THRIVE podcast. If you need any help or advice or would like to suggest a guest for our podcast, please visit us at payx.me/thrivetopics. We will be back again next week with another episode of the Paychex THRIVE podcast. Again, thanks for joining. We’ll see you again soon. Take care.

Gene Marks (33:51): Do you have a topic or a guest that you would like to hear on THRIVE? Please let us know. Visit payx.me/thrivetopics and send us your ideas or matters of interest. Also, if your business is looking to simplify your HR, payroll, benefits, or insurance services, see how Paychex can help. Visit the resource hub at paychex.com/worx. That’s W-O-R-X. Paychex can help manage those complexities while you focus on all the ways you want your business to thrive. I’m your host, Gene Marks, and thanks for joining us. Till next time, take care.

Speaker 1 (34:28): This podcast is property of Paychex, Incorporated. 2023. All rights reserved. 
 

Read and listen to additional information about Mike Katz and 5G here.

Originally published on Built From Scratch

ATLANTA, July 25, 2023 /3BL/ — The Home Depot, the world’s largest home improvement retailer, launched the first online guided version of MISSION TRANSITION, a series of courses aimed at providing U.S. service men and women with knowledge and resources to help them successfully transition into the civilian workforce.

About 200,000 service members leave the military each year. But according to Pew Research Center, only one-in-four veterans say they had a civilian job lined up after they left the military.

MISSION TRANSITION’s three self-paced, online courses can be completed in less than an hour and are filled with content, templates, scenarios and language specific to experience from a military career. Courses include Optimize Your Resume, Build Your Personal Brand and What to Expect While Interviewing. This program is available at no cost to the public and can be found on The Home Depot’s career website at thd.co/missiontransition.

MISSION TRANSITION
3 Self-paced, online, & free courses

OPTIMIZE YOUR RESUMEBUILD YOUR PERSONAL BRANDINTERVIEWING – WHAT TO EXPECT

“Supporting the military community is a priority for our company” said Tim Hourigan, executive vice president of Human Resources. “We’re proud to launch MISSION TRANSITION online and provide transitioning service members with a convenient tool to help them confidently take the next step in their careers.”

The Home Depot employs over 470,000 associates, including tens of thousands of veterans and military spouses. Since 2011, The Home Depot Foundation has invested more than $475 million in veteran causes and improved more than 55,000 veteran housing facilities. The Foundation and its nonprofit partners are working to end veteran homelessness through several key strategies. This includes funding programs to help more veterans access housing. Learn more about The Home Depot and The Home Depot Foundation’s investments in military families and veterans at www.homedepot.com/military.

Keep up with all the latest Home Depot news! Subscribe to our bi-weekly news update and get the top Built from Scratch stories delivered straight to your inbox.

Originally published by Ericsson

Today’s CSP networks are mainly operated leveraging ‘golden parameters’ which are manually configured. In the dynamic environment of 5G, and soon 6G networks, this approach will be both inefficient and costly. Intent based automation, coupled with AI/ML, is a paradigm enabling the transformation of CSP networks into self-driving networks which deliver on business and sustainability targets.

Journey to the Zero-touch network

Automation of CSP networks could be compared to the automation of cars to self-driving cars. Currently there are several separate functions like adaptive cruise control, lane change assistance, self-parking that while automated, require manual initiation from the human driver. Over time, these functions will be interconnected and together with other new functions evolve to a single self-driving system. The self-driving system will allow a human passenger (note the change in role from ‘driver’) to request the car to drive to a destination and the initiation of the aforementioned functions together with acceleration, braking etc. will now be autonomously executed by the self-driving system. For example, a self-driving car takes the passenger’s intent ‘take me home’ and determines the best path while automatically handling complex tasks like changing lanes and avoiding obstacles. Similarly self-driving networks with intent-based automaton could take a CSP’s intent ‘maximize video streaming quality during peak hours’ and automatically adjust network parameters to satisfy that intent like prioritizing streaming video or dynamically allocating resources to ensure optimal performance, much like the self-driving car adjusted the route based on real-time traffic information. Networks with intent-based automation are precursors to the long term vison of a zero-touch network which is capable of configuring, healing, optimizing, and protecting itself, without active involvement of humans.

Why is it important to automate the Radio Access Networks?

The introduction of 5G has made the RAN more complex, with many aspects requiring tuning and coordination. Not only does NR significantly increase the number of band combinations that have to be managed; it also extends the capability of the network from supporting a single mobile broadband data service to supporting multiple data services (slices) with different characteristics. Fixed Wireless Access and time-critical communication are examples of services where slicing is applicable. Cloud-native RAN is expected to provide a high degree of agility and flexibility through instantiation and scaling of microservices. Manual intervention in the management process becomes impossible at this point. RAN automation is therefore essential to operate a network at this level of complexity. The objective of RAN automation is to boost RAN performance by replacing the manual work of developing, installing, deploying, managing, optimizing and retiring of RAN functions with automated processes. From a business perspective, automaton based on intents will enable CSPs to offer SLA-based services in a profitable way and thereby enables CSP better monetize their network.

Traditionally CSPs have had a set of key performance indicator (KPI) categories which including individual KPIs with each having target values. Examples of KPIs categories include accessibility, retainability, integrity, mobility, and availability. An example KPI for mobility would be for example handover success rate. CSPs’ operations teams would then have a set of network parameter configuration values also known as ‘golden parameters’ which would correspond to the ideal settings enabling the desired target value of a given KPI. The golden parameter will be manually configured, and this typically leads to sub-optimal network performance. Another dimension to the golden parameter issue is the complexity due to the dependency between parameters and KPIs – many parameters impact more than one KPI in a non-trivial way. For example, tuning a parameter to optimize one KPI may lead to worse performance relative another KPI in a non-obvious way.

In general, by addressing complexity, intent-based automation will enable the acceleration of business innovation and will enable CSPs to come out with new service offerings faster.

What are intents?

The TeleManagement Forum (TM Forum) defines intent as “the formal specification of all expectations including requirements, goals, and constraints given to a technical system.” RAN intents are based on overall CSP business intents and priorities with the specific purpose of guiding the RAN automation solution to optimize its behavior given a set of deployed resources (sites, sector carriers, transport capacity, software licenses and so on).

As the RAN intents guide the RAN automation solution, it is essential that RAN intents define the target values of KPIs that will impact end user experience like user throughput, delay, and coverage. The target values of KPIs should be considered as goals that the RAN automation solution should meet with available deployed resources. Each KPI target value must be defined in precise detail and based on quantities that the RAN automation solution can measure. In addition, due to the nature of the RAN, the target KPIs need to be expressed in statistical terms – that is, as a target of a certain percentile of users that best matches the desired consumer experience.

While the KPI target values are the required input, they are not sufficient as RAN intents. If the target KPIs are fulfilled by the system and there are still resources available, the system needs additional intents with information about what else it should optimize, such as peak throughput, capacity, or energy efficiency. If the system cannot fulfill the target KPIs, it needs a guideline detailing how to prioritize the available resources. Should some services or user groups be prioritized? Should cell edge users be disconnected or deprioritized? Furthermore, in this situation, the RAN automation solution should provide information to the operator about bottlenecks and the need for extra capacity in a given geographic area.

Intents exist in different parts of the system to guide the automatic operation and management of the whole network.

With intents as input, the RAN automation solution adjusts the resource usage and behavior of the RAN to meet the necessary goals. Figure 1 visualizes a CSP evolving from manual network operations to automated, intent-based service operations with the help of RAN automation.

Automation via intents

When automation functionality is added to a RAN solution in the correct way, the interface between the automated RAN solution and the CSP operations team is handled at a higher level of abstraction. This approach enables the CSP to define high-level RAN intents as input to the automated RAN solution rather than using detailed configuration parameters of the individual RAN functions. With this, intents can be seen as a pre-requisite of Zero-Touch Networks of the future. The Ericsson approach towards RAN automation includes an automated RAN management interface (ARMI), which conveys intents from end-to-end (E2E) management and orchestration to the RAN automation solution, as shown below.

Intents and AI/ML complement each other in an automation solution. On one side, AI/ML will replace/complement traditional algorithms to solve the complex task of optimizing towards intents. On the other side, intents themselves will enhance the use of AI/ML as they will provide can form the basis for goodness/reward functions used for training AI/ML models.

Optimizing towards different intents is a complex task for the functionality in the automation solution which will be very complex to solve with traditional algorithmic design, so AI/ML as a technology to develop the automation solution will be used to complement/replace the traditional algorithms.

Intent-based automation for FWA and MBB

With the introduction of FWA traffic into the network, it becomes important to manage the network so that both FWA and MBB services deliver the desired subscriber experience. Figure 3 shows how service intents can be expressed for FWA and eMBB users respectively. As an example, a user throughput of more than 25 Mbps for 90% of the FWA users and an average of more than 10 Mbps for the eMBB users is set as the target for the two services.

In the network, there are several mechanisms for assuring the performance of different slices. In the RAN, one such mechanism is Radio Resource Partitioning. Configuration of radio resource partitioning would benefit from an automated solution, where a closed loop could adapt the configuration for each cell over time (e.g., as FWA traffic increases by onboarding users). By having targets of 95% of FWA users having a user throughput above 25 Mbps and average MBB user having a user throughput above 10 Mbps, the automation function will be able to find a configuration that fulfills these intents in the best possible way. In situations of heavy congestion, it might be that the automation function cannot find a configuration for radio resource partitioning that fulfills all intents. In these situations, the automation function will use information given on the relative priorities between intents to fulfil intents in the most satisfactory way. The automation function will however signal this, so additional actions can be taken to avoid that the situation happens frequently in the future. Temporary faults and short-term network congestion could also be responsible for unfilled intents.

If the situation is persistent and is not caused by a fault, it might be that the network is not appropriately dimensioned for the traffic, and there are not sufficient resources available for the scheduler to fulfill the intents for both slices. If this is the case, different actions could be taken. One long-term action could be to upgrade the capacity so that there are enough resources available to fulfill the intents; otherwise, intents can be lowered in the specific area. This action requires detailed analysis to determine the best approach. A capacity upgrade requires a cost analysis, and relaxing intents requires an analysis of what this would mean to overall Customer Experience Management (CEM).

Intent based automation for time critical communication with AI/ML

Figure below illustrates how the task of efficiently operating a RAN to best utilize RAN resources can be divided into different control loops acting on different time scales and with different scopes. A successful RAN automation solution will utilize AI/ML technologies in all control loops to facilitate optimal autonomous functionality in different deployments and environments in an optimal way.

The two fastest control loops at the bottom of the figure are related to traditional RRM. Examples include scheduling and link adaptation in the fastest (layer 1 and 2) control loop and bearer management and handover in the second fastest (layer 3) control loop. These control loops are already autonomous with the decision-making based on internal states executed in time frames ranging from milliseconds to microseconds. The link adaptation problem, which entails the selection of the optimal modulation and coding scheme (MCS) depending on link’s interference, is implemented with AI/ML. The AI/ML model is then possible to augment to work towards different targets for example maximizing user throughput or minimizing delay for a specific user. Such a model would then be able to directly take intents as input to select the appropriate MCS for, e.g., MBB and TCC users, respectively. Figure 6 shows a new intent setting for delay target for TCC users. As with the intents for MBB and FWA, this TCC intent will serve as an overall target for the operations of the network as well as target for closed loop automation functionality.

Also, the AI/ML model responsible for MCS selection will directly contribute to the automated closed loop functionality, as it will be able to directly act on intents.

Intent based “Automated Radio Resource Partitioning”

Productification of Intent-Based Automation function in an important step as it needs to coexist in an efficient way with today’s Radio Access Network functions. Stepwise productification would pave the way to efficiently support upcoming 5G new use cases realization that several operators are planning to launch in the short term. The first step is to define functional requirements that will provide service differentiation with the help of Intent Based Automation within RAN which can be based on Slices or groups of users (e.g 5QI/S-NSSAI/ARP/PLMN/SPID).

Technically the steering mechanism of intent-based RAN automation would depend on achievable and measurable requirements that are based on realistic granularity, which can be throughput, latency, packet delay, etc. Once the service differentiation and measurable requirements are defined, that can be supported by the product in short term a robust “control loop” mechanism is required, and product decision needs to be taken for a suitable control loop realization?

The important decision in this regard would be to decide where in the node this intelligence block shall be based, or should it be outside the node? Another factor is to decide what the measurement procedure of the key indicator would look like for Throughput, Latency, Packet delay, etc.

Initial realistic step in short them would allow to dynamically manages the resource shares based on measured KPI for the traffic in the respective partitions. The spectrum resource shares used by Radio Resource Partition is dynamically adjusted to meet a throughput KPI for the traffic associated with the share. Radio Resource Partition adjusts the available resources on a millisecond basis according to the Ericsson current RAN slicing solution.

Key take aways

Ericsson is committed to delivering intent-based automation solutions to enable customers to address complexity and thereby reduce OPEX, providing a high level of experience to end subscribers. Intent based automation leveraging AI/ML will facilitate the delivery of time critical communications as well as MBB and FWA enabling CSPs to get a higher ROI on networks investments. Given the flexibility of intent-based automation in addition to improving network performance, we envision that this approach would accelerate business innovation and enable many new service offerings. Finally, intent-based automation will facilitate the evolution to Zero-touch networking.

Originally published in Enbridge’s 2022 Sustainability Report

Methane 

In order for natural gas to contribute to the energy transition effectively, it’s vital that the industry continue to advance its current work to mitigate methane emissions associated with natural gas production and transmission. Methane is a primary component in natural gas and a contributor to climate change. As one of North America’s largest energy infrastructure companies, Enbridge moves about 20% of all natural gas consumed in the U.S. and operates North America’s third-largest natural gas utility by customer count, delivering service to about 15 million people in Ontario and Quebec. We believe natural gas has a critical role to play in the transition to a low-carbon economy—both by replacing emissions intensive fuels such as coal and as a reliability-enhancing complement to renewable energy sources such as wind and solar.

While natural gas is inherently much cleaner than other fuels such as coal, Enbridge and others across the industry are pursuing opportunities to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from natural gas even further. By continuing to adopt innovations and enhance the infrastructure, technology and monitoring instruments we use, natural gas providers can help society achieve the greatest possible benefit from this important fuel while minimizing contributions to climate change.

As part of our commitment to reducing GHG emissions and supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy, Enbridge is working to reduce methane emissions across our operations. In 2022, our methane emissions were about 23% lower than they were in 2018, our baseline year.

This section of our 2022 Sustainability Report presents an overview of how and why our operations release methane emissions, describes our efforts to mitigate these emissions, and shares our perspective on regulations and industry initiatives to reduce the amount of methane released into the atmosphere through oil and gas operations.

Methane 101 

What is methane? 

Methane, the main component in natural gas, is odorless, colorless, lighter than air and slightly soluble in water. Easily ignited, methane generates carbon dioxide (CO2) and water when it’s burned. In addition to being a potent GHG, methane is the primary contributor to ground-level ozone.

Why is reducing methane emissions so important to climate change mitigation?

Analysis from the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) concludes that a 45% reduction in global methane emissions by 2030 is essential to limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees.

Methane breaks down in the atmosphere more quickly than CO2, meaning its effects are less persistent than those of CO2. However, for as long as methane remains in the atmosphere its effects are powerful: during an initial 20-year period after release, methane has more than 80 times the warming power of CO2. This powerful warming effect causes experts to believe that cutting methane emissions is critical to mitigating climate change.

According to the IEA Methane Tracker, methane has been responsible for about 30% of the global warming that has occurred since pre-industrial times. Although some methane emissions occur naturally, a large share of today’s methane emissions come from human activities, including the production and use of fossil fuels (see graphic).

Sources of methane emissions Some methane emissions occur naturally, arising from sources such as wetlands. But most methane emissions released over the past two centuries have been produced by human activity (~60%), including agriculture and the production of energy from coal and fossil fuels.

Methane emissions at Enbridge: how and why 

Most of our methane emissions are related to operations associated with natural gas transmission or equipment maintenance operations that are necessary to ensure the safety of our natural gas infrastructure. A small share of our methane emissions are unplanned—arising from relatively rare occurrences such as emergency shutdowns or third-party damage to our pipelines. Enbridge is working to reduce GHG emissions wherever and however they occur. Below is an overview of how emissions can happen and what we’re doing to mitigate them.

Safety operations 

To perform maintenance on natural gas pipelines, crews sometimes need to depressurize segments of pipe, resulting in “blowdowns.” In the past, maintenance often meant releasing natural gas into the atmosphere. Enbridge has been expanding our use of equipment and procedures that let us minimize or prevent blowdowns. We’ve already reduced emissions from this source substantially and our goal is to continue to mitigate or avoid methane emissions during planned maintenance.

Equipment design

Some equipment vents a relatively small volume of methane as part of its normal operations. We have maintenance practices in place to minimize such emissions. In addition, we’re using a combination of equipment replacements and retrofits to further reduce methane emissions from equipment originally designed to vent.

Inefficiencies 

As infrastructure ages, it can become less efficient, gradually releasing small quantities of methane. To mitigate emissions from this source, we monitor our infrastructure proactively with approved detection methods and respond as quickly as possible to any leaks we identify. Our asset risk group uses analytics to identify equipment that may be at elevated risk of failure so we can replace it before emissions occur.

Third-party damage 

We have safety procedures to protect pipeline integrity when Enbridge teams perform work near our pipeline infrastructure. However, on occasion, underground pipes are damaged through thirdparty digging—when people excavating in the area have not identified the location of key pipeline infrastructure. (Emissions from this source account for a very small proportion of our total methane emissions.) We take many steps to educate customers, suppliers, neighbors, and the general public about this risk.

Enbridge’s work to reduce methane emissions from our operations 

Enbridge has a comprehensive plan to reduce our GHG emissions intensity by 35% by 2030 and achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 (see pages 16–19). Reducing our methane emissions is one aspect of our work to meet those overall targets. Below we describe a few examples of our efforts.

Modernization and innovation: examples from across our operations 

We’re working to mitigate or eliminate emissions from all the causes laid out on page 21. Here are a few recent cases of effective approaches:

We have been working to mitigate vented methane releases during equipment maintenance and project construction, including expanded use of blowdown recovery system to capture the gas from planned blowdowns and return gas from depressurized equipment back into the system (see page 21 for information on blowdowns). In 2022, Gas Transmission and Midstream (GTM) used mobile recompression units 40 times, avoiding over 200,000 tonnes of CO2e relative to traditional pipeline integrity practices. Currently, Gas Distribution and Storage (GDS) has blowdown recovery compressors located at its compressor stations along the Dawn-Parkway system in southwestern Ontario.

Another example of avoiding and reducing emissions happened in GTM when we needed to replace three large pipelines in Tennessee in 2022. The increasing proximity of residential development to our right-of-way meant that the infrastructure had become subject to elevated safety standards. During the construction phase of the pipeline replacement, the work could have led to substantial methane emissions by necessitating extensive blowdown.

By using stopple bypass technologies and recompression operations, Enbridge was able to replace the three pipelines while keeping its blowdown emissions near zero, saving 9,760 tonnes of CO2e. GTM also increased the use of AtlasWrap, an engineered, high-stiffness carbon fiber material that lets us reinforce the operational strength of pipelines. Using mitigation measures like recompression, stopples, and AtlasWrap enables Enbridge to perform maintenance while minimizing or eliminating the amount of natural gas blown down in the pipeline section when repairs are needed.

Enhancing data quality with measured data specific to our operations 

Gaining a clear picture of how and where methane emissions happen is an essential part of emissions reduction efforts, because accurate detection and measurement help industries target their mitigation efforts at the most important sources.

Developing high-quality measurement and monitoring tools and programs is a complex technical challenge. Enbridge continues to monitor the development of methane detection and monitoring technologies and engage in active discussions in this area with vendors and technology providers. We are receptive to partnerships focused on the development, piloting and deployment of enhanced tools, as well as to research collaborations that lay the foundations for such tools. As we explore innovations that will give us an even more precise understanding of our emissions, we continue to engage with industry bodies and regulators to keep pace with leading practices that rely on today’s approved tools. Given the limitations of current technologies, Enbridge, like other natural gas companies, relies in many areas on engineering estimates and calculations designed to support evidence-based decision-making in the near term.

One recent noteworthy initiative in our pursuit of enhanced emissions monitoring was our voluntary survey of methane emissions from dry gas seals across our U.S. gas transmission operations. Dry gas seals are pieces of mechanical equipment associated with centrifugal compressor systems. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) does not currently require reporting of methane emissions from dry gas seals but in 2021, Enbridge took a first step toward estimating our emissions from these sources by applying Canadian emissions factors to our U.S. infrastructure. More recently, our GTM business unit went even further, beyond the U.S. regulatory requirements, carrying out a comprehensive dry gas seal measurement survey and reporting emissions from these sources.

Although our work to develop a comprehensive and precise understanding of methane emissions across our operations is active and ongoing, the rigor and quality of our current measurements have enabled us to obtain limited assurance on our methane data from third-party auditors since 2021.

Measurement and monitoring: challenges and approaches 

Enbridge operates natural gas infrastructure with thousands of compressor stations and meter/valve stations across vast distances in Canada and the U.S. Some of this equipment is in remote locations and difficult to access. We invest heavily in our capacity to detect and respond as quickly as possible to any issues that may emerge across these systems, including tiny leaks. Each of our business units has developed leak detection and repair protocols specific to its systems and equipment in order to identify and limit unplanned methane emissions. We use various technologies to detect our methane emissions, including Optical Gas Imaging cameras, handheld “sniffer” gas detectors, and AVO (audio, visual and olfactory) inspections.

Enbridge continues to explore and adopt new technologies to help us detect and address methane leaks, especially in remote locations. Currently, no single technology offers a perfect solution for monitoring emissions across large areas like those in Canada and the U.S.—but we continue to partner and innovate in pursuit of enhanced tools and approaches.

The table on the right offers an overview of some of the tools we have deployed or are in the process of evaluating.

We are committed to improving our emissions, and our gas transmission team is focused on and incentivized to reduce methane that could be vented to the atmosphere. Our compensation is tied to performance, including annual goals to reduce both the intensity and the number of events where methane could be emitted. In 2022, our Enbridge gas transmission team mitigated or avoided over 65% of gas volumes from pipeline blowdowns—the emissions savings from that are equivalent to CO2 emissions from over 35,000 homes’ annual energy use!

Erin Petkovich, Director, Low Carbon Strategy

Policymakers and industry: North American efforts to reduce methane emissions 

In North America, there is broad agreement among the oil and gas industry and policymakers about the importance of reducing the industry’s methane emissions. Voluntary efforts to reduce methane emissions have been growing in North America, including in the oil and gas sector, for well over a decade. These voluntary efforts have focused on shared measurement and reporting standards in support of overall emissions reduction initiatives. At the same time, regulators in both Canada and the U.S. have proposed stringent rules—a trend that is ongoing and expected to result in increasingly exacting regulations in the years ahead.

Public policy 

Enbridge supports efficient, effective methane regulation on both sides of the Canada-U.S. border. We believe the most effective path to achieving meaningful reductions in emissions is to focus on practical, cost-effective regulations that target the sources of the highest methane emissions.

In Canada, Enbridge adheres to federal Methane Emissions Reduction policies. These policies stipulate that leak detection surveys occur on a regular basis and that detected leaks be repaired within a specified time. Canada’s methane regulations also include equipment-level emission limits for pneumatic devices and compressor seals/rod packing. The federal government recently released a proposed framework document for amendments to the methane regulations that would expand requirements regarding vented and fugitive emissions related to the oil and gas sector in Canada. Enbridge has informed the development of Canada’s methane regulations by providing feedback to governments through direct submissions and by participating in advocacy convened by industry groups such as the Canadian Gas Association.

In the U.S., methane regulations are also expected to become more stringent. Drafts and proposals from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 2021 and 2022 have included measures such as:

requiring compressor stations to monitor and repair leaks at least monthlyrequiring a transition to zero-emission pneumatic controllersnew standards for new and existing dry seal compressors (previously unregulated)

Forthcoming regulations are expected to support innovation in advanced methane detection technologies, to permit flexibility in the tools firms use to monitor and detect emissions, and to require pipeline operators to minimize methane emissions across their pipeline systems.

To inform regulators like the EPA on proposed rules, Enbridge participates in the Interstate Natural Gas Association of America’s (INGAA) GHG committee and in the American Petroleum Institute’s (API) Climate Policy Subcommittee. To shape technically sound regulations that achieve reductions in methane emissions, Enbridge has informed comments from industry groups on several federal methane rules. As we participate in these processes, our goal is to share insight from our own emissions measurement practice and to identify ways to ensure that emissions inventories in the oil and gas sector are comprehensive. These steps will help to ensure that the industry’s emissions reduction efforts are as effective as possible.

Voluntary efforts 

Canada and the U.S. are both signatories to the Global Methane Pledge (GMP), an initiative launched at COP26 in 2021, through which countries commit to taking voluntary action to reduce global methane emissions by at least 30% by 2030, relative to a 2020 baseline. Since signing the GMP, Canada’s federal government has deepened its commitment, announcing the goal of reducing oil and gas methane emissions by at least 75% by 2030 relative to a 2011 baseline.

Enbridge is a member of the ONE Future coalition—a group of more than 55 natural gas companies that collectively represent more than 20% of the natural gas value chain in the U.S. Formed in 2016, this group set out to reduce member companies’ methane emissions intensity to less than 1%—meaning that for a given volume of natural gas, at least 99% should move from the rig to the burner tip while less than 1% is lost in the process of delivering it. With respect to transmission and storage specifically, the dimensions relevant to Enbridge’s work, the intensity target is 0.3%. Enbridge joined the ONE Future coalition in 2019, and our emissions relative to our overall value chain have consistently been within ONE Future’s target. In 2021, our methane intensity was 0.028%, based on Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) throughput.

We sponsor and support Veritas, GTI Energy’s Methane Emissions Measurement and Verification Initiative, a gas measurement and verification protocol. This initiative brings together a wide range of stakeholders, including scientists, environmental organizations and industry groups, to develop a consistent and credible approach to quantifying and verifying methane emissions.

We are a member of API’s The Environmental Partnership (TEP), a group of about 100 U.S.-based oil and natural gas companies (representing more than 70% of the U.S. onshore oil and natural gas industry) focused on identifying and adopting solutions to enhance environmental performance that “are technically feasible, commercially proven and will result in significant emissions reductions.” TEP operates six distinct environmental performance programs, advancing goals such as reducing flaring and replacing gas-driven pneumatic controllers with low-emissions or zeroemissions devices. Among other activities, Enbridge participates in TEP’s Methane Measurement and Monitoring Working Group.

Enbridge is also actively exploring the possibility of joining the Oil & Gas Methane Partnership 2.0 (OGMP 2.0). OGMP is a voluntary multi-stakeholder initiative launched in 2015 and designed to help oil and gas companies reduce methane emissions, starting with the development of a measurement-based reporting framework for the oil and gas sector. Companies that join this voluntary initiative commit to reporting on all material sources of methane across their value chain, including assets they operate and those they don’t operate. The OGMP’s methodology was designed in 2014 in partnership with industry, government, and civil society as part of the UNEP-led Climate and Clean Air Coalition’s (CCAC’s) Mineral Methane Initiative (MMI). Since the OGMP was launched, the methane landscape has changed considerably, with growing numbers of industry players recognizing the importance and urgency of mitigating methane emissions. Created in November 2020, OGMP 2.0 is an even more ambitious and comprehensive reporting framework than the 2014 version that directly connects reporting activity to strategic mitigation actions. The partnership has developed an aspirational goal of reducing methane emissions by 45% by 2025, relative to a 2015 baseline. The coalition aims to go further by 2030, reducing emissions by 60% to 75%.

The OGMP’s reporting framework lays out five levels of reporting quality—with 1 being the least detailed and company-specific and 5 being the most detailed, comprehensive and specific (for example, measured data directly from a company’s infrastructure). Part of the commitment companies make in joining the OGMP is to achieve “Gold Standard” methane reporting within three years: achieving level 4 or 5 across all reporting categories. Enbridge has engaged with the OGMP to discuss some of the technical considerations that are unique to our midstream operations. We have also begun to use the OGMP’s five-level framework to evaluate the current state of our methane emissions measurement and reporting. As part of this evaluation process, Enbridge conducted a self-assessment to evaluate our current reporting approach against OGMP 2.0 methodology.

Enbridge’s work to reduce methane emissions outside our operations 

In addition to mitigating methane emissions from our conventional natural gas operations, Enbridge is making investments in renewable natural gas (RNG)—and thus helping to address other important sources of methane emissions outside of the natural gas value chain, including landfills and agriculture. In Ilderton, Ontario, we’ve embarked on an innovative partnership with a facility that transforms on-farm and community-based organic waste into RNG, a carbonneutral fuel. To create RNG, producers capture “biogas” emissions from organic waste, landfills and wastewater treatment plants, and then upgrade the gas into pipeline-quality fuel. Enbridge is connecting the RNG production facility in Ilderton to the energy grid, blending the facility’s fuel into Enbridge’s existing storage and distribution network using an innovative RNG injection station. This arrangement will enable more homes, businesses and vehicle fleets to access RNG—diverting more than 60,000 tonnes of community-based organic waste each year and eliminating more than 11,000 tonnes of GHG emissions annually.

South of the Canada-U.S. border, Enbridge has launched a partnership with Vanguard Renewables that will also help to support adoption of RNG. Under the partnership, Vanguard, a leading developer of RNG infrastructure, will build and operate digesters used to convert food and farm waste into RNG, while Enbridge will invest in the upgrading equipment that will turn RNG into pipelinequality natural gas. In addition to investing in new RNG infrastructure at eight sites across the U.S. (a total investment of about $75 million), Enbridge will also help transport and sell the upgraded natural gas to large multinational companies with aggressive decarbonization goals.

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Last summer, we celebrated the launch of Team UP, our company’s reimagined volunteerism and employee engagement program. As I look back on the past year, I am inspired by our collective commitment to create long-lasting change in our communities.

Aligned with Project UP, our comprehensive initiative to advance digital equity, Team UP is the latest chapter in our long history of service and local engagement. The name Team UP represents how our reach is maximized when we come together to make a difference. This past year alone, we’ve impacted thousands of individuals by volunteering time and talent, donating to humanitarian causes, and training to become nonprofit board members.

One Year of Team UP by the Numbers:

10K employees engaged

6K organizations impacted

40K+ volunteer hours

$5.4M in donations

Team UP is fueled by our passionate colleagues who are dedicated to supporting the communities where they live and work. Employee Resource Group (ERG) leaders and members spearheaded many of our events, working in tandem with our Community Impact champions and teams. Through virtual, in-person, and hybrid opportunities, we all came together for causes close to our hearts in collaboration with local hubs driving positive impact including digital skills training sites, veteran-focused nonprofits, senior centers, and more. We are proud to partner with thousands of remarkable organizations nationwide that are helping more people access the internet, providing food and shelter during times of transition or crisis, and mentoring the next generation of leaders.

The compassion, leadership, and time it takes to make this year-round program come to life does not go unnoticed. I am deeply grateful to be surrounded by team members at all levels of the company who have helped to support our local communities through Team UP. I look forward to the years ahead and the unlimited possibilities we will continue to create together in our neighborhoods and across the country.

Check out a more detailed overview of our first year of impact with Team UP:

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