BOSTON and SAN DIEGO, Nov. 02, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Rapport Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: RAPP) (“Rapport” or the “Company”), a clinical-stage biotechnology company dedicated to the discovery and development of small molecule precision medicines for patients with neurological or psychiatric disorders, today announced the closing of its previously announced separate underwritten public offerings of 9,761,905 shares of its common stock, which includes the exercise in full of the underwriters’ option to purchase up to 1,428,571 additional shares of its common stock, at a public offering price of $21.00 per share (the “Offering Price”) and, in lieu of common stock to investors that so choose, pre-funded warrants to purchase up to 1,190,476 shares of its common stock at an offering price of $20.999 per pre-funded warrant, which represents the per share Offering Price less the $0.001 per share exercise price for each pre-funded warrant (the “common stock offering”) and $172.5 million aggregate principal amount of 2.25% convertible senior notes due 2032 (the “notes”), which includes the exercise in full of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase up to an additional $22.5 million aggregate principal amount of notes (the “notes offering” and together with the common stock offering, the “underwritten offerings”). Concurrently with the underwritten offerings, Rapport entered into a securities purchase agreement with a certain investor (the “Investor”), in a separately negotiated transaction (the “concurrent private placement” and together with the underwritten offerings, the “offerings”) pursuant to which Rapport sold to the Investor 1,428,571 shares of Rapport’s common stock, at the Offering Price. The sale of shares to the Investor in the concurrent private placement were not registered as part of the common stock offering.

The aggregate net proceeds to Rapport from the offerings, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses with respect to the underwritten offerings, and placement agent fees and estimated expenses with respect to the concurrent private placement, are approximately $410.7 million, including the underwriters’ exercise of their option to purchase additional shares in full and their over-allotment option to purchase additional notes in full. All of the securities in the offerings were sold by Rapport.

Morgan Stanley, Leerink Partners and Evercore ISI acted as joint book-running managers for the underwritten offerings and as placement agents for the concurrent private placement. BTIG and Citizens Capital Markets acted as joint book-running managers in the common stock offering.

Rapport currently intends to use the net proceeds from the offerings primarily to fund its ongoing and planned clinical trials advancing RAP-219, for other research and development, and for working capital and general corporate purposes. Rapport also may use a portion of the remaining net proceeds to in-license, acquire or invest in complementary businesses, technologies, products or assets. However, Rapport currently has no agreements or commitments to complete any such transaction. Rapport believes that the net proceeds from the offerings, together with its existing cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, will enable it to fund its operations through the end of 2029. Rapport has based this estimate on assumptions that may prove to be wrong, and it could use its available capital resources sooner than it currently expects.

The notes are general unsecured obligations of Rapport, will accrue interest at a rate of 2.25% per annum, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 of each year, beginning on June 1, 2027, and will mature on December 1, 2032, unless earlier converted, redeemed or repurchased. Noteholders may convert all or any portion of their notes at any time prior to the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date. Rapport has elected to irrevocably fix the settlement method to physical settlement in the indenture governing the notes. As a result, Rapport will satisfy any conversion obligation by delivering shares of its common stock, together with cash in lieu of fractional shares, if applicable. The conversion rate for the notes will initially be 37.3483 shares of common stock per $1,000 principal amount of notes (equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $26.7750 per share of common stock). The initial conversion price represents a premium of approximately 27.50% over the Offering Price per share of common stock in the common stock offering. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in some events but will not be adjusted for any accrued and unpaid interest.

Rapport may redeem for cash all or any portion of the notes (subject to certain limitations), at Rapport’s option, on a redemption date on or after the later of (x) December 6, 2030, and (y) 60 days following (A) the reported topline data results, including the primary endpoint(s), following completion of prespecified analyses of the primary endpoint(s) under the respective protocols and statistical analysis plans of the FOCUS 1 and FOCUS 2 clinical trials of RAP-219 in drug resistant focal onset seizures as well as the two planned pivotal trials of RAP-219 in acute bipolar mania, or (B) in the event one or more of these trials is terminated, the reported results of the remaining trials, if any, that are completed, in each case, if the last reported sale price per share of Rapport’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price then in effect for a specified period of time, and subject to a beneficial ownership limitation set forth in the indenture. The redemption price will be 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the relevant redemption date.

If Rapport undergoes certain corporate events that constitute a “fundamental change,” then, subject to certain conditions and limited exceptions, noteholders may require Rapport to repurchase for cash all or any portion of their notes at a repurchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes to be repurchased, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the fundamental change repurchase date.

The securities in the underwritten offerings were offered by Rapport pursuant to an automatically effective shelf registration statement that was filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on March 10, 2026 (File No. 333-294170). Each of the final prospectus supplements and accompanying prospectuses relating to and describing the terms of the underwritten offerings was filed with the SEC and may be obtained from: Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Attention: Prospectus Department, 180 Varick Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10014, or by email at prospectus@morganstanley.com; Leerink Partners LLC, Attention: Syndicate Department, 53 State Street, 40th Floor, Boston, MA 02109, by telephone at (800) 808-7525, ext. 6105, or by email at syndicate@leerink.com; Evercore Group L.L.C., Attention: Equity Capital Markets, 55 East 52nd Street, 35th Floor, New York, NY 10055, by telephone at (888) 474-0200, or by email at ecm.prospectus@evercore.com; or by accessing the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

The offer and sale of the shares in the concurrent private placement was made in a transaction not involving a public offering, and such shares have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”) or applicable state securities laws, and are being offered and sold in reliance on Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act. The shares in the concurrent private placement may not be reoffered or resold in the United States except pursuant to an effective registration statement or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act and other applicable securities laws. Rapport has agreed to file a registration statement with the SEC registering the resale of the shares to be sold in the concurrent private placement.

This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy the shares to be sold in the concurrent private placement, nor shall there be any sale of such shares in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or jurisdiction.

About Rapport Therapeutics
Rapport Therapeutics is a clinical-stage biotechnology company dedicated to discovering and developing small molecule precision medicines for patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders. The Company’s founders made pioneering discoveries related to the function of receptor associated proteins (“RAPs”) in the brain, which form the basis of Rapport’s RAP technology platform. The platform enables a differentiated approach to generate precision small molecule product candidates with the potential to overcome many limitations of conventional neurology drug discovery. Rapport’s precision neuroscience pipeline includes the Company’s lead investigational drug, RAP-219, which is designed to achieve neuroanatomical specificity through selective targeting of a RAP expressed only in discrete regions of the brain. The pipeline is anchored by the Company’s epilepsy portfolio, including FOS and primary generalized tonic-clonic seizures, as well as bipolar mania. The Company is also advancing additional discovery and preclinical programs leveraging its platform, including in chronic pain and migraine and in hearing and vestibular disorders.

Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “target,” “would” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, express or implied statements regarding uncertainties related to the expected amount of net proceeds, the use of proceeds of the offerings and cash runway.

Forward looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could negatively affect Rapport’s business, operating results, financial condition and stock value. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those currently anticipated include the risks described in “Risk Factors” in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K and subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC and any subsequent filings with the SEC, including those contained or incorporated by reference in each final prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus related to the underwritten offerings filed with the SEC. Any forward-looking statements represent Rapport’s views only as of today and should not be relied upon as representing its views as of any subsequent date. Rapport expressly disclaims any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in its expectations or any changes in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based, except as required by law, and claims the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.

CONTACT: Contact
Julie DiCarlo
Head of Communications & IR
Rapport Therapeutics
jdicarlo@rapportrx.com

WELLESLEY HILLS, Mass., Nov. 02, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Climb Bio, Inc. (Nasdaq: CLYM), a clinical stage biotechnology company developing therapeutics for patients with immune-mediated diseases, today announced that members of its executive team will participate in the upcoming investor conference detailed below.

Guggenheim 3rd Annual Healthcare Innovation Conference
Format: Fireside Chat
Date: Monday, November 9
Time: 4:00 – 4:25 p.m. ET

The live webcast will be accessible via the “Investors & Media” section of the Climb Bio website. A webcast replay will be available on the Climb Bio website beginning approximately two hours after the webcast event and will be archived for at least 30 days.

About Climb Bio, Inc.
Climb Bio, Inc. is a clinical-stage biotechnology company with a mission to deliver high impact, disease-modifying medicines for individuals living with immune-mediated diseases, including those affecting kidney health. The Company’s pipeline includes, budoprutug, an anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody that has potential to treat a broad range of B-cell mediated diseases, and CLYM116, an anti-APRIL monoclonal antibody being developed for IgA nephropathy. For more information, please visit climbbio.com.

Investors and Media
Carlo Tanzi, Ph.D.
Kendall Investor Relations
ctanzi@kendallir.com

Third quarter revenue of $526 million, representing 33% year-over-year growth; Guiding fourth quarter revenue of $600 million, 36% year-over-year growth

MIGDAL HAEMEK, Israel, Nov. 02, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Tower Semiconductor (NASDAQ/TASE: TSEM) reports today its results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2026.

Third Quarter of 2026 Results Overview
Record revenue for the third quarter of 2026 of $526 million, representing revenue growth of 33% year over year, as compared to $396 million in the third quarter of 2025.

Record gross profit for the third quarter of 2026 of $179 million, 92% higher than $93 million in the third quarter of 2025.

Operating profit for the third quarter of 2026 was a record of $127 million (excluding non-recurring items), a multiple of 2.5X as compared to the $51 million operating profit for the third quarter of 2025.

Net profit for the third quarter of 2026 was a record of $120 million (excluding non-recurring items), representing 23% net margin and reflecting $1.06 basic and $1.05 diluted earnings per share. This net profit is a multiple of 2.2X of the $54 million net profit in the third quarter of 2025.

Cash from operating activities in the third quarter of 2026 was $185 million and investments in property and equipment, net, were $191 million. In the third quarter of 2025, cash flow generated from operating activities was $139 million and investments in property and equipment, net, were $103 million.

Business Outlook
The Company provides revenue guidance of $600 million for the fourth quarter of 2026, with an upward or downward range of 5%. Mid-range revenue guidance represents an increase of 36% year-over-year and 14% quarter-over-quarter.

Russell Ellwanger, Chief Executive Officer of Tower Semiconductor, said: “We are entering the strongest growth phase in our history, according to fourth quarter guidance, closing the year at $2 billion annual revenue and a $2.4 billion annualized revenue run rate. We target to begin 2027 avoiding first quarter’s typical industry seasonality, with clear visibility to incremental sequential revenues with accompanying margins’ growth.”

Ellwanger further added: “With a background of growth and strong increasing demand in each of our core businesses, infrastructure (SiPho and SiGe) demand specifically is driving exceptional growth in our high-speed connectivity business. We target to achieve an annualized $1.1 billion run rate in the fourth quarter of 2026 of SiPho revenue alone, namely 5X of the 2025 SiPho annual revenue. Our on-going capacity investments, including the announced Track-1 Japan 300mm buildout, are progressing ahead of schedule, supported by customer contracts which are being extended through 2029, providing great assurance to achieve our 2028 revenue and margins model, and a well-defined path for accretive margins thereafter. The combination of Tower’s technology leadership, expanding capacity and deep alignment with our customers, positions Tower to deliver significant long-term growth and shareholder value.”

Teleconference and Webcast
Tower Semiconductor will host an investor conference call today, Monday, November 2, 2026, at 10:00 a.m. Eastern time (9:00 a.m. Central time, 8:00 a.m. Mountain time, 7:00 a.m. Pacific time and 5:00 p.m. Israel time) to discuss the Company’s financial results for the third quarter of 2026 and its business outlook.

The call will be webcast and available through the Investor Relations section of Tower Semiconductor’s website at ir.towersemi.com. The pre-registration form required for dial-in participation is accessible here. Upon completing the registration, participants will receive the dial-in details, a unique PIN, and a confirmation email with all necessary information. To access the webcast, click here. The teleconference will be available for replay for 90 days.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The Company presents its financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The financial information in the tables below includes unaudited condensed financial data. Some of the financial information, which may be used and/or presented in this release and/or prior earnings related filings and/or in related public disclosures or filings with respect to the financial statements and/or results of the Company, which we may describe as adjusted financial measures and/or reconciled financial measures, are non-GAAP financial measures as defined in Regulation G and related reporting requirements promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as they apply to our Company. These adjusted financial measures are calculated excluding the following: (i) amortization of acquired intangible assets as included in our costs and expenses, and (ii) compensation expenses in respect of equity grants to directors, officers, and employees as included in our costs and expenses. These adjusted financial measures should be evaluated in conjunction with, and are not a substitute for, GAAP financial measures. The tables also present the GAAP financial measures, which are most comparable to the adjusted financial measures used and/or presented in this release, as well as a reconciliation between the adjusted financial measures and the comparable GAAP financial measures. As used and/or presented in this release and/or prior earnings related filings and/or in related public disclosures or filings with respect to the financial statements and/or results of the Company, as well as may be included and calculated in the tables herein, the term Earnings Before Interest Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization which we define as EBITDA consists of operating profit in accordance with GAAP, excluding (i) depreciation expenses, which include depreciation recorded in cost of revenue and in operating cost and expenses lines (e.g., research and development related equipment and/or fixed other assets depreciation), (ii) stock-based compensation expense, and (iii) amortization of acquired intangible assets. EBITDA is reconciled in the tables below and/or prior earnings-related filings and/or in related public disclosures or filings with respect to the financial statements and/or results of the Company from GAAP operating profit. EBITDA and the adjusted financial information presented herein and/or prior earnings-related filings and/or in related public disclosures or filings with respect to the financial statements and/or results of the Company, are not a required GAAP financial measure and may not be comparable to a similarly titled measure employed by other companies. EBITDA and the adjusted financial information presented herein and/or prior earnings-related filings and/or in related public disclosures or filings with respect to the financial statements and/or results of the Company, should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for operating profit, net profit or loss, cash flows provided by operating, investing and financing activities, per share data or other profit or cash flow statement data prepared in accordance with GAAP. The term Net Cash, as may be used and/or presented in this release and/or prior earnings-related filings and/or in related public disclosures or filings with respect to the financial statements and/or results of the Company, is comprised of cash, cash equivalents and short-term deposits less debt amounts as presented in the balance sheets included herein. The term Net Cash is not a required GAAP financial measure, may not be comparable to a similarly titled measure employed by other companies and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for cash, debt, operating profit, net profit or loss, cash flows provided by operating, investing and financing activities, per share data or other profit or cash flow statement data prepared in accordance with GAAP. The term Free Cash Flow, as used and/or presented in this release and/or prior earnings related filings and/or in related public disclosures or filings with respect to the financial statements and/or results of the Company, is calculated to be net cash provided by operating activities (in the amounts of: $185 million for the three months period ended September 30, 2026 that includes $23 million increase in customers’ advances; $177 million for the three months period ended June 30, 2026; $139 million for the three months period ended September 30, 2025; $872 million for the nine months period ended September 30, 2026 that includes $305 million increase in customers’ advances, net; 356 million for the nine months period ended September 30, 2025) less cash used for investments in property and equipment, net (in the amounts of $191 million, $187 million and $103 million for the three months periods ended September 30, 2026, June 30, 2026 and September 30, 2025, respectively and in the amounts of $534 million and $326 million for the nine months periods ended September 30, 2026 and September 30, 2025, respectively). The term Free Cash Flow is not a required GAAP financial measure, may not be comparable to a similarly titled measure employed by other companies and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for operating profit, net profit or loss, cash flows provided by operating, investing, and financing activities, per share data or other profit or cash flow statement data prepared in accordance with GAAP.

About Tower Semiconductor
Tower Semiconductor Ltd. (NASDAQ/TASE: TSEM) is a leading foundry of high-value analog semiconductor solutions, serving growing markets including industrial, automotive, mobile, infrastructure, medical, and aerospace & defense. The company offers a broad portfolio of advanced and innovative analog technologies, including silicon photonics (SiPho), SiGe, RF CMOS, CMOS image sensors, power management, and mixed-signal, supported by world-class design enablement and process transfer services. Tower operates a global manufacturing network with 200mm and 300mm fabs in Israel, the U.S., Japan, and Italy, providing customers with scalable capacity and multi-fab sourcing. Learn more at www.towersemi.com.

CONTACT:
Liat Avraham | Investor Relations | +972-4-6506154 | liatavra@towersemi.com

Forward-Looking Statements
This release, as well as other statements and reports filed, stated and published, include certain “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements include, among others, projections and statements with respect to our future business, financial performance and activities. The use of words such as “projects”, “expects”, “may”, “targets”, “plans”, “forecast”, “intends”, “committed to”, “tracking”, or variations or words of similar import, may identify a statement as “forward-looking.” However, the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Actual results may vary from those projected or implied by such forward-looking statements and you should not unduly rely on such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this release. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or implied by such forward-looking statements include, without limitation, risks and uncertainties associated with: (i) fluctuating demand in our customers’ end markets and/or SiPho, SiGe and other customer demand may not increase to the levels currently forecasted by the Company, (ii) reliance on acquisitions, establishing new fabs and/or gaining additional capacity for growth, (iii) difficulties in achieving acceptable operational metrics and indices as a result of operational, technological or process-related problems, (iv) identifying and negotiating with third-party buyers for the sale of any excess and/or unused equipment, inventory and/or other assets, (v) maintaining current key customers and attracting new key customers, (vi) over demand for our foundry services and/ or products that may result in operational bottlenecks, extend cycle times, reduce yield, delay delivery schedules, that may result in compensation, penalties and/ or prepayment repayments, loss of customers, revenues, profits and/ or reputation, including with respect to SiPho customer prepayments received for certain minimum capacity commitments, due to inability to fulfill, in whole or in part, all such demand and commitments in a timely manner or at all, (vii) fluctuation of our financial results from quarter to quarter, (viii) the additional 300mm manufacturing facility the Company plans to establish adjacent to Fab 7 and maximization of the Company’s Fab 7 300mm output (including risks associated with the repurposing of the Arai facility), including risks associated with delays in construction period and cost, obtaining necessary equipment and/ or obtaining necessary permits, Government of Japan and/or METI grants terms and covenants relating thereto (which may result in loss of a portion or all of the grant funds), and/ or other consents required, and the negotiation of definitive agreements with vendors and others, that may result in lower profitability than currently expected and/ or added costs and losses, longer return on investment period, including risks associated with the ability to obtain any financing required to fund the establishment, facilities and machinery cost net investments on favorable terms, or at all, (ix) our debt and other liabilities may impact our financial position and operations, (x) our ability to successfully execute acquisitions, integrate them into our business, utilize our expanded capacity and find new business, (xi) fluctuations in cash flow, (xii) our ability to satisfy the covenants stipulated in our agreements with our debt holders and/ or possible incurrence of additional indebtedness, (xiii) pending litigation, (xiv) meeting the conditions set in approval certificates and other regulations under which we received grants and/or royalties and/or any type of funding from the Israeli, US and/or Japan governmental agencies, (xv) receipt of orders that are lower than the customer purchase commitments or forecast and/or failure to receive customer orders currently expected, (xvi) the effects of global recession, credit crisis and/or unfavorable macro-economic conditions, such as the imposition of regulatory requirements, tariffs, import and export restrictions and other trade barriers and restrictions, including the timing and availability of export licenses and permits, (xvii) our ability to accurately forecast financial performance, which is affected by limited order backlog and lengthy sales cycles which may cause financial results to fluctuate from quarter to quarter, (xviii) possible situations of obsolete inventory or overcapacity if forecasted demand exceeds actual demand when we create inventory before receipt of customer orders, (xix) the cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry and the resulting periodic overcapacity, fluctuations in operating results and future average selling price erosion, (xx) capacity and capability expansion and acquisition related transactions in our existing fabrications, strategic and/or other in-organic capacity and/ or capability growth and/ or M&A transactions and opportunities, and/ or the acquisition of and/ or the establishment of a new factory or factories, including the additional 300mm manufacturing facility the Company plans to establish adjacent to Fab 7 and maximization of the Company’s Fab 7 300mm output (including risks associated with the repurposing of the Arai facility), which could require funding needs beyond our existing cash, the availability of which cannot be assured on favorable terms, if at all, and which may have adverse impact on the market value of the Company and the price of the Company’s ordinary shares, (xxi) operating our facilities at sufficient utilization rates necessary to generate and maintain positive and sustainable gross, operating and net profit, (xxii) the purchase of equipment and/or raw material (including purchases under committed contracts), the timely completion of the equipment installation, technology transfer and raising the funds therefor, (xxiii) product returns and defective products, (xxiv) our ability to maintain and develop our technology processes and services to keep pace with new technology, including artificial intelligence, evolving standards, changing customer and end-user requirements, new product introductions and short product life cycles, (xxv) competing effectively, (xxvi) our dependence on increased use of outsourced foundry services for specialty process technologies, (xxvii) our dependence on intellectual property rights of others, our ability to operate our business without infringing others’ intellectual property rights and our ability to enforce our intellectual property against infringement, including risks and uncertainties associated with the infringement claims that the Company is currently party to, brought by GlobalFoundries and certain affiliate alleging infringement of certain of its patents, (xxviii) Fab 3 landlord’s alleged claims regarding noise abatement and request for judicial declaration of material non-curable breach of the Fab3 lease, and in addition, alleged claims by a third-party with whom the landlord is engaged pertaining to the Fab3 site, to enforce certain rights with respect to the lease extension, (xxix) retention of key employees and recruitment and retention of skilled qualified personnel, (xxx) exposure to inflation, currency rates (mainly the Israeli Shekel and the Japanese Yen) and interest rate fluctuations and risks associated with doing business locally and internationally, as well as fluctuations in the market price of our traded securities, (xxxi) meeting regulatory requirements worldwide, including export, environmental and governmental regulations, as well as risks related to international operations, (xxxii) engagements for fab establishment, joint venture and/or capital lease transactions for capacity enhancement in advanced technologies, including risks and uncertainties associated with the Agrate fab, such as its qualification schedule, technology, equipment and process qualification, facility operational ramp-up, customer engagements, cost structure, required investments and other terms, which may require additional funding to cover significant capacity investment needs and other payments, (xxxiii) potential liabilities, cost and other impact due to reorganization and consolidation of fabrication facilities, or cessation of operations, (xxxiv) potential security, cyber and privacy breaches, (xxxv) workforce that is not unionized which may become unionized, and/or workforce that is unionized and may take action such as strikes that may create increased cost and operational risks, (xxxvi) the issuance of ordinary shares as a result of exercise and/or vesting of any of our employee equity, as well as any sale of shares by any of our shareholders, or any market expectation thereof, as well as the issuance of additional employees’ restricted stock units, or any market expectation thereof, which may depress the market value of the Company and the price of the Company’s ordinary shares, and in addition may impair our ability to raise future capital, (xxxvii) the dispute resolution process regarding Intel’s determination not to perform its agreement to build a capacity corridor to enable Intel to manufacture wafers for Tower’s customers, which process may be costly and/ or may result in losses and/or other adverse impact, (xxxviii) Pillar Two tax rules and regulations previously released by the OECD, which require a minimum effective corporate income tax rate of 15% applicable in every jurisdiction in which the company operates, which will result in additional income tax expenses for the years 2026 and beyond, mainly with respect to the Company’s Israeli operations in which the Company was subject to 7.5% preferred tax rate until 2025 under Israeli laws, and (xxxix) climate change, business interruptions due to floods, fires, pandemics, earthquakes and other natural disasters, the security situation in Israel and global trade “war”, including the potential inability to continue uninterrupted operations of the Israeli fab, impact on global supply chain to and from the Israeli fab, delays in the delivery, installation and qualification of equipment, power interruptions, chemicals or other leaks or damages as a result therefrom, absence of workforce due to military service as well as risk that certain countries will restrict doing business with Israeli companies, including imposing restrictions due to hostilities in Israel or political instability in the region that may continue or exacerbate, and other events beyond our control. Due to hostilities and instability in neighboring states, Israel could be subject to additional political, economic, and military confines, and our Israeli facility’s operations could be materially adversely affected. Any current or future hostilities involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its present trading partners, or a significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A more complete discussion of risks and uncertainties that may affect the forward-looking statements included in this release or which may otherwise affect our business is included under the heading “Risk Factors” in the Company’s most recent filings on Forms 20-F and 6-K, as were filed with the SEC and the Israel Securities Authority. Future results may differ materially from those previously reported. The Company does not intend to update and expressly disclaims any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information contained in this release to reflect any changes in expectations with regard thereto, or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.

(Financial tables follow)

   
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES  
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)  
(dollars in thousands)  
  September 30,   December 31,  
  2026   2025  
ASSETS        
CURRENT ASSETS        
Cash and cash equivalents $ 250,748   $ 235,369  
Short-term deposits 1,222,124   916,541  
Trade accounts receivable 226,845   222,795  
Inventories 263,448   256,855  
Other current assets 47,548   78,062  
Total current assets 2,010,713   1,709,622  
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET 1,825,403   1,463,056  
OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS, NET 181,091   149,612  
TOTAL ASSETS $ 4,017,207   $ 3,322,290  
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY        
CURRENT LIABILITIES        
Short-term debt $ 13,452   $ 28,112  
Trade accounts payable 193,858   123,915  
Deferred revenue and customers’ advances 248,930   25,581  
Other current liabilities 84,673   86,139  
Total current liabilities 540,913   263,747  
LONG-TERM DEBT 140,275   133,406  
LONG-TERM CUSTOMERS’ ADVANCES 92,052   1,932  
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES 35,843   18,622  
TOTAL LIABILITIES 809,083   417,707  
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 3,208,124   2,904,583  
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY $ 4,017,207   $ 3,322,290  
         
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars and share count in thousands, except per share data)
  Three months ended
  September 30,   June 30,
  2026   2026
REVENUE $ 526,161   $ 460,079
COST OF REVENUE 347,402   322,307
GROSS PROFIT 178,759   137,772
OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES:      
Research and development 26,625   23,569
Marketing, general and administrative 24,999   23,913
  51,624   47,482
       
OPERATING PROFIT 127,135   90,290
FINANCING AND OTHER INCOME, NET 11,943   15,902
PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX 139,078   106,192
INCOME TAX EXPENSE, NET (19,193)   (15,573)
NET PROFIT 119,885   90,619
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest 371   150
NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY $ 120,256   $ 90,769
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE $ 1.06   $ 0.80
Weighted average number of shares 113,324   112,910
DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE $ 1.05   $ 0.79
Weighted average number of shares 114,463   114,427
RECONCILIATION FROM GAAP NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY TO ADJUSTED NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY:
GAAP NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY $ 120,256   $ 90,769
Stock based compensation and amortization of acquired intangible assets 11,042   9,941
ADJUSTED NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY $ 131,298   $ 100,710
ADJUSTED EARNINGS PER SHARE:      
Basic $ 1.16   $ 0.89
Diluted $ 1.15   $ 0.88
       
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars and share count in thousands, except per share data)
  Three months ended
  September 30,   September 30,
  2026   2025
REVENUE $ 526,161   $ 395,667
COST OF REVENUE 347,402   302,622
GROSS PROFIT 178,759   93,045
OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES:      
Research and development 26,625   22,056
Marketing, general and administrative 24,999   20,409
  51,624   42,465
       
OPERATING PROFIT 127,135   50,580
FINANCING AND OTHER INCOME, NET 11,943   10,491
PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX 139,078   61,071
INCOME TAX EXPENSE, NET (19,193)   (7,625)
NET PROFIT 119,885   53,446
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest 371   199
NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY $ 120,256   $ 53,645
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE $ 1.06   $ 0.48
Weighted average number of shares 113,324   112,132
DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE $ 1.05   $ 0.47
Weighted average number of shares 114,463   113,751
RECONCILIATION FROM GAAP NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY TO ADJUSTED NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY:
GAAP NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY $ 120,256   $ 53,645
Stock based compensation and amortization of acquired intangible assets 11,042   9,111
ADJUSTED NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY $ 131,298   $ 62,756
ADJUSTED EARNINGS PER SHARE:      
Basic $ 1.16   $ 0.56
Diluted $ 1.15   $ 0.55
       
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars and share count in thousands, except per share data)
  Nine months ended
  September 30,   September 30,
  2026   2025
REVENUE $ 1,399,871   $ 1,125,898
COST OF REVENUE 972,389   879,656
GROSS PROFIT 427,482   246,242
OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES:      
Research and development 73,724   61,646
Marketing, general and administrative 71,768   61,253
  145,492   122,899
       
OPERATING PROFIT 281,990   123,343
FINANCING AND OTHER INCOME , NET 37,363   35,476
PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX 319,353   158,819
INCOME TAX EXPENSE, NET (41,284)   (20,064)
NET PROFIT 278,069   138,755
Net loss (profit) attributable to non-controlling interest (2,012)   1,583
NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY $ 276,057   $ 140,338
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE $ 2.44   $ 1.25
Weighted average number of shares 112,935   111,841
DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE $ 2.41   $ 1.24
Weighted average number of shares 114,383   113,397
RECONCILIATION FROM GAAP NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY TO ADJUSTED NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY:
GAAP NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY $ 276,057   $ 140,338
Stock based compensation and amortization of acquired intangible assets 30,424   30,041
ADJUSTED NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY $ 306,481   $ 170,379
ADJUSTED EARNINGS PER SHARE:      
Basic $ 2.71   $ 1.52
Diluted $ 2.68   $ 1.50
       
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED SOURCES AND USES REPORT (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands)
  Three months ended
  September 30,   September 30,
  2026   2025
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS – BEGINNING OF PERIOD $ 231,188   $ 265,293
Net cash provided by operating activities, excluding customers’ advances, net 162,311   142,005
Increase (decrease) in customers’ advances, net 22,848   (2,582)
Investments in property and equipment, net (190,683)   (103,490)
Debt repaid, net (7,301)   (6,875)
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate change 2,385   (1,609)
Proceeds from (investments in) deposits 30,000   (20,000)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS – END OF PERIOD $ 250,748   $ 272,742
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands)
  Three months ended
  September 30,   September 30,
  2026   2025
CASH FLOWS – OPERATING ACTIVITIES      
Net profit for the period $ 119,885   $ 53,446
Adjustments to reconcile net profit for the period      
to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Income and expense items not involving cash flows:      
Depreciation and amortization * 90,461   76,456
Other expense (income), net 3,512   (122)
Changes in assets and liabilities, net:      
Trade accounts receivable (23,270)   1,853
Other current assets 8,182   6,770
Inventories (16,573)   (1,983)
Other long term assets (41,337)   —
Trade accounts payable 22,615   (6,516)
Deferred revenue (3,278)   6,805
Other current liabilities (8,016)   2,958
Other long-term liabilities 10,130   2,338
Increase (decrease) in customers’ advances, net 22,848   (2,582)
Net cash provided by operating activities 185,159   139,423
CASH FLOWS – INVESTING ACTIVITIES      
Investments in property and equipment, net (190,683)   (103,490)
Proceeds from (investments in) deposits 30,000   (20,000)
Net cash used in investing activities (160,683)   (123,490)
CASH FLOWS – FINANCING ACTIVITIES      
Debt repaid, net (7,301)   (6,875)
Net cash used in financing activities (7,301)   (6,875)
EFFECT OF FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATE CHANGE 2,385   (1,609)
       
INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 19,560   7,449
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS – BEGINNING OF PERIOD 231,188   265,293
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS – END OF PERIOD $ 250,748   $ 272,742
* Includes stock based compensation and amortization of acquired intangible assets in the amounts of $11,042 and $9,111 for the 3 months periods ended September 30, 2026 and September 30, 2025, respectively.
       

Former McKinsey associate partner and Aliaxis strategy leader to lead AI initiatives and pursue partnerships to advance pipeline programs

BERKELEY HEIGHTS, N.J., Nov. 02, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp. (Nasdaq: TNXP) (“Tonix” or the “Company”), a fully integrated, commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company, today announced the appointment of George Lederman, Ph.D., as Executive Vice President, Strategy and Transformation, effective October 30, 2026. Dr. George Lederman brings experience in corporate and portfolio strategy, operational transformation, and applied artificial intelligence (AI) to improve efficiency and reduce costs.

At Tonix, Dr. George Lederman will lead AI initiatives across the organization to improve operational efficiency and manage costs. He will also lead business development efforts, including evaluating potential partnerships and licensing opportunities to advance the Company’s clinical programs and share development costs.

“We believe George’s experience in portfolio strategy and operational transformation, combined with his expertise in AI, will help us improve efficiency and pursue partnerships for select pipeline programs,” said Siobhan Fogarty, Chief Technical Officer of Tonix Pharmaceuticals. “We intend to evaluate opportunities to advance these programs with the goal of sharing development costs.”

“I am excited to join Tonix as it advances its commercial portfolio and development programs,” said Dr. George Lederman. “With an approved treatment for adults with fibromyalgia and investigational programs in Lyme disease prevention and immunology, I believe there is significant untapped potential across Tonix’s pipeline. I look forward to working with the team to unlock that value through potential partnerships and other strategic transactions to create shareholder value. Tonix’s fully integrated model also creates an opportunity to rethink how we work, with AI at the core—simplifying complex processes across development and commercialization to help bring medicines to patients more quickly and efficiently.”

Dr. George Lederman joins Tonix from Aliaxis, a multibillion-dollar global industrial group, where he most recently served as Vice President, Global Strategy. Reporting to the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), he led corporate and portfolio strategy and supported cost savings and operational efficiency initiatives. During his four-year tenure, Aliaxis divested six assets and acquired four companies. He also supported multiple business unit restructuring efforts, including a 10% enterprise-wide fixed cost reduction.

Previously, Dr. George Lederman was an Associate Partner at McKinsey & Company, where he helped build the firm’s digitization practice and advised clients on using machine learning, advanced analytics, and AI to reduce costs and improve efficiency. His experience spans corporate strategy, acquisition opportunities, and operational transformations, including work with specialty chemical operations serving healthcare, biopharmaceutical, and industrial applications.

Dr. George Lederman holds a Ph.D. in Advanced Infrastructure Systems, an engineering discipline, from Carnegie Mellon University, where his research focused on big data and applied machine learning. He also holds Master’s degrees in Electrical and Computer Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering from Carnegie Mellon and a Bachelor’s degree in Civil Engineering from Princeton University. He was a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow.

Dr. George Lederman is the son of Seth Lederman, M.D., Tonix’s President, CEO, and Chairman. His appointment was reviewed and approved by the independent members of the Company’s Board of Directors and Audit Committee in accordance with the Company’s related party transactions policy, and his compensation was reviewed and approved by the independent members of the Board of Directors and the Compensation Committee.

Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp.*
Tonix Pharmaceuticals* is a fully integrated, commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on central nervous system (CNS) disorders, infectious diseases, and immunology conditions with high unmet medical needs. TONMYA® (cyclobenzaprine HCl sublingual tablets 2.8 mg), the Company’s flagship internally conceived and developed medicine, is the first medicine approved for fibromyalgia in more than 15 years. Tonix’s CNS commercial infrastructure supports its marketed products, including its acute migraine products, Zembrace® SymTouch® (sumatriptan injection 3 mg) and Tosymra® (sumatriptan nasal spray 10 mg). Tonix is extending the science behind TONMYA in Phase 2 clinical studies to evaluate the potential of TNX-102 SL in major depressive disorder and acute stress disorder/acute stress reaction. Tonix is also advancing a pipeline of infectious disease programs, including Phase 2-ready monoclonal antibody TNX-4800 (anti-OspA mAb) for Lyme disease prevention in the U.S., and TNX-801 (horsepox, live virus vaccine), a vaccine in development for the prevention of mpox and smallpox. Within immunology, TNX-1500 (anti-CD40L mAb) is a Phase 2-ready, third-generation CD40 ligand inhibitor for the prevention of kidney transplant rejection. To learn more, visit www.tonixpharma.com.

*Tonix’s product development candidates, including TNX-102 SL for new, unapproved indications, are investigational new drugs or biologics. Their efficacy and safety have not been established for the indications under investigation, and they have not been approved for these uses.

Zembrace SymTouch and Tosymra are registered trademarks of Tonix Medicines. TONMYA is a registered trademark of Tonix Pharma Limited. All other marks are the property of their respective owners.

Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements in this press release are forward-looking within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “forecast,” “estimate,” “expect,” and “intend,” among others. These statements include expectations regarding Dr. Lederman’s role and contributions; the evaluation, implementation and anticipated benefits of AI initiatives; potential operational efficiencies and cost savings; potential partnerships and licensing transactions; the advancement of the Company’s product candidates; and potential pipeline and shareholder value. There are a number of factors that could cause actual events to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements. These factors include, but are not limited to, risks related to the failure to successfully launch and commercialize TONMYA® and any of our approved products; uncertainties of patent protection and litigation; risks related to the failure to obtain FDA clearances or approvals and noncompliance with FDA regulations; risks related to the timing and progress of clinical development of our product candidates; our need for additional financing; uncertainties of government or third-party payer reimbursement; limited research and development efforts and dependence upon third parties; and substantial competition. As with any pharmaceutical under development, there are significant risks in the development, regulatory approval and commercialization of new products. Investors should read the risk factors set forth in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, as filed with the SEC on March 12, 2026, and periodic reports filed with the SEC on or after the date thereof. Except as required by law, Tonix does not undertake an obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement. All of Tonix’s forward-looking statements are expressly qualified by all such risk factors and other cautionary statements. The information set forth herein speaks only as of the date of this press release.

Investor Contacts
Deborah Elson
Tonix Pharmaceuticals
deborah.elson@tonixpharma.com
investor.relations@tonixpharma.com

Brian Korb
astr partners
(917) 653-5122
brian.korb@astrpartners.com

Media Contacts
Andrea Cohen
Sam Brown Inc.
(917) 209-7163
andreacohen@sambrown.com

Third quarter revenue of $526 million, representing 33% year-over-year growth; Guiding fourth quarter revenue of $600 million, 36% year-over-year growth

MIGDAL HAEMEK, Israel, Nov. 02, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Tower Semiconductor (NASDAQ/TASE: TSEM) reports today its results for the third quarter ended September 30, 2026.

Third Quarter of 2026 Results Overview
Record revenue for the third quarter of 2026 of $526 million, representing revenue growth of 33% year over year, as compared to $396 million in the third quarter of 2025.

Record gross profit for the third quarter of 2026 of $179 million, 92% higher than $93 million in the third quarter of 2025.

Operating profit for the third quarter of 2026 was a record of $127 million (excluding non-recurring items), a multiple of 2.5X as compared to the $51 million operating profit for the third quarter of 2025.

Net profit for the third quarter of 2026 was a record of $120 million (excluding non-recurring items), representing 23% net margin and reflecting $1.06 basic and $1.05 diluted earnings per share. This net profit is a multiple of 2.2X of the $54 million net profit in the third quarter of 2025.

Cash from operating activities in the third quarter of 2026 was $185 million and investments in property and equipment, net, were $191 million. In the third quarter of 2025, cash flow generated from operating activities was $139 million and investments in property and equipment, net, were $103 million.

Business Outlook
The Company provides revenue guidance of $600 million for the fourth quarter of 2026, with an upward or downward range of 5%. Mid-range revenue guidance represents an increase of 36% year-over-year and 14% quarter-over-quarter.

Russell Ellwanger, Chief Executive Officer of Tower Semiconductor, said: “We are entering the strongest growth phase in our history, according to fourth quarter guidance, closing the year at $2 billion annual revenue and a $2.4 billion annualized revenue run rate. We target to begin 2027 avoiding first quarter’s typical industry seasonality, with clear visibility to incremental sequential revenues with accompanying margins’ growth.”

Ellwanger further added: “With a background of growth and strong increasing demand in each of our core businesses, infrastructure (SiPho and SiGe) demand specifically is driving exceptional growth in our high-speed connectivity business. We target to achieve an annualized $1.1 billion run rate in the fourth quarter of 2026 of SiPho revenue alone, namely 5X of the 2025 SiPho annual revenue. Our on-going capacity investments, including the announced Track-1 Japan 300mm buildout, are progressing ahead of schedule, supported by customer contracts which are being extended through 2029, providing great assurance to achieve our 2028 revenue and margins model, and a well-defined path for accretive margins thereafter. The combination of Tower’s technology leadership, expanding capacity and deep alignment with our customers, positions Tower to deliver significant long-term growth and shareholder value.”

Teleconference and Webcast
Tower Semiconductor will host an investor conference call today, Monday, November 2, 2026, at 10:00 a.m. Eastern time (9:00 a.m. Central time, 8:00 a.m. Mountain time, 7:00 a.m. Pacific time and 5:00 p.m. Israel time) to discuss the Company’s financial results for the third quarter of 2026 and its business outlook.

The call will be webcast and available through the Investor Relations section of Tower Semiconductor’s website at ir.towersemi.com. The pre-registration form required for dial-in participation is accessible here. Upon completing the registration, participants will receive the dial-in details, a unique PIN, and a confirmation email with all necessary information. To access the webcast, click here. The teleconference will be available for replay for 90 days.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The Company presents its financial statements in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”). The financial information in the tables below includes unaudited condensed financial data. Some of the financial information, which may be used and/or presented in this release and/or prior earnings related filings and/or in related public disclosures or filings with respect to the financial statements and/or results of the Company, which we may describe as adjusted financial measures and/or reconciled financial measures, are non-GAAP financial measures as defined in Regulation G and related reporting requirements promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) as they apply to our Company. These adjusted financial measures are calculated excluding the following: (i) amortization of acquired intangible assets as included in our costs and expenses, and (ii) compensation expenses in respect of equity grants to directors, officers, and employees as included in our costs and expenses. These adjusted financial measures should be evaluated in conjunction with, and are not a substitute for, GAAP financial measures. The tables also present the GAAP financial measures, which are most comparable to the adjusted financial measures used and/or presented in this release, as well as a reconciliation between the adjusted financial measures and the comparable GAAP financial measures. As used and/or presented in this release and/or prior earnings related filings and/or in related public disclosures or filings with respect to the financial statements and/or results of the Company, as well as may be included and calculated in the tables herein, the term Earnings Before Interest Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization which we define as EBITDA consists of operating profit in accordance with GAAP, excluding (i) depreciation expenses, which include depreciation recorded in cost of revenue and in operating cost and expenses lines (e.g., research and development related equipment and/or fixed other assets depreciation), (ii) stock-based compensation expense, and (iii) amortization of acquired intangible assets. EBITDA is reconciled in the tables below and/or prior earnings-related filings and/or in related public disclosures or filings with respect to the financial statements and/or results of the Company from GAAP operating profit. EBITDA and the adjusted financial information presented herein and/or prior earnings-related filings and/or in related public disclosures or filings with respect to the financial statements and/or results of the Company, are not a required GAAP financial measure and may not be comparable to a similarly titled measure employed by other companies. EBITDA and the adjusted financial information presented herein and/or prior earnings-related filings and/or in related public disclosures or filings with respect to the financial statements and/or results of the Company, should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for operating profit, net profit or loss, cash flows provided by operating, investing and financing activities, per share data or other profit or cash flow statement data prepared in accordance with GAAP. The term Net Cash, as may be used and/or presented in this release and/or prior earnings-related filings and/or in related public disclosures or filings with respect to the financial statements and/or results of the Company, is comprised of cash, cash equivalents and short-term deposits less debt amounts as presented in the balance sheets included herein. The term Net Cash is not a required GAAP financial measure, may not be comparable to a similarly titled measure employed by other companies and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for cash, debt, operating profit, net profit or loss, cash flows provided by operating, investing and financing activities, per share data or other profit or cash flow statement data prepared in accordance with GAAP. The term Free Cash Flow, as used and/or presented in this release and/or prior earnings related filings and/or in related public disclosures or filings with respect to the financial statements and/or results of the Company, is calculated to be net cash provided by operating activities (in the amounts of: $185 million for the three months period ended September 30, 2026 that includes $23 million increase in customers’ advances; $177 million for the three months period ended June 30, 2026; $139 million for the three months period ended September 30, 2025; $872 million for the nine months period ended September 30, 2026 that includes $305 million increase in customers’ advances, net; 356 million for the nine months period ended September 30, 2025) less cash used for investments in property and equipment, net (in the amounts of $191 million, $187 million and $103 million for the three months periods ended September 30, 2026, June 30, 2026 and September 30, 2025, respectively and in the amounts of $534 million and $326 million for the nine months periods ended September 30, 2026 and September 30, 2025, respectively). The term Free Cash Flow is not a required GAAP financial measure, may not be comparable to a similarly titled measure employed by other companies and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for operating profit, net profit or loss, cash flows provided by operating, investing, and financing activities, per share data or other profit or cash flow statement data prepared in accordance with GAAP.

About Tower Semiconductor
Tower Semiconductor Ltd. (NASDAQ/TASE: TSEM) is a leading foundry of high-value analog semiconductor solutions, serving growing markets including industrial, automotive, mobile, infrastructure, medical, and aerospace & defense. The company offers a broad portfolio of advanced and innovative analog technologies, including silicon photonics (SiPho), SiGe, RF CMOS, CMOS image sensors, power management, and mixed-signal, supported by world-class design enablement and process transfer services. Tower operates a global manufacturing network with 200mm and 300mm fabs in Israel, the U.S., Japan, and Italy, providing customers with scalable capacity and multi-fab sourcing. Learn more at www.towersemi.com.

CONTACT:
Liat Avraham | Investor Relations | +972-4-6506154 | liatavra@towersemi.com

Forward-Looking Statements
This release, as well as other statements and reports filed, stated and published, include certain “forward-looking” statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. These forward-looking statements include, among others, projections and statements with respect to our future business, financial performance and activities. The use of words such as “projects”, “expects”, “may”, “targets”, “plans”, “forecast”, “intends”, “committed to”, “tracking”, or variations or words of similar import, may identify a statement as “forward-looking.” However, the absence of these words does not mean that a statement is not forward-looking. Actual results may vary from those projected or implied by such forward-looking statements and you should not unduly rely on such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this release. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected or implied by such forward-looking statements include, without limitation, risks and uncertainties associated with: (i) fluctuating demand in our customers’ end markets and/or SiPho, SiGe and other customer demand may not increase to the levels currently forecasted by the Company, (ii) reliance on acquisitions, establishing new fabs and/or gaining additional capacity for growth, (iii) difficulties in achieving acceptable operational metrics and indices as a result of operational, technological or process-related problems, (iv) identifying and negotiating with third-party buyers for the sale of any excess and/or unused equipment, inventory and/or other assets, (v) maintaining current key customers and attracting new key customers, (vi) over demand for our foundry services and/ or products that may result in operational bottlenecks, extend cycle times, reduce yield, delay delivery schedules, that may result in compensation, penalties and/ or prepayment repayments, loss of customers, revenues, profits and/ or reputation, including with respect to SiPho customer prepayments received for certain minimum capacity commitments, due to inability to fulfill, in whole or in part, all such demand and commitments in a timely manner or at all, (vii) fluctuation of our financial results from quarter to quarter, (viii) the additional 300mm manufacturing facility the Company plans to establish adjacent to Fab 7 and maximization of the Company’s Fab 7 300mm output (including risks associated with the repurposing of the Arai facility), including risks associated with delays in construction period and cost, obtaining necessary equipment and/ or obtaining necessary permits, Government of Japan and/or METI grants terms and covenants relating thereto (which may result in loss of a portion or all of the grant funds), and/ or other consents required, and the negotiation of definitive agreements with vendors and others, that may result in lower profitability than currently expected and/ or added costs and losses, longer return on investment period, including risks associated with the ability to obtain any financing required to fund the establishment, facilities and machinery cost net investments on favorable terms, or at all, (ix) our debt and other liabilities may impact our financial position and operations, (x) our ability to successfully execute acquisitions, integrate them into our business, utilize our expanded capacity and find new business, (xi) fluctuations in cash flow, (xii) our ability to satisfy the covenants stipulated in our agreements with our debt holders and/ or possible incurrence of additional indebtedness, (xiii) pending litigation, (xiv) meeting the conditions set in approval certificates and other regulations under which we received grants and/or royalties and/or any type of funding from the Israeli, US and/or Japan governmental agencies, (xv) receipt of orders that are lower than the customer purchase commitments or forecast and/or failure to receive customer orders currently expected, (xvi) the effects of global recession, credit crisis and/or unfavorable macro-economic conditions, such as the imposition of regulatory requirements, tariffs, import and export restrictions and other trade barriers and restrictions, including the timing and availability of export licenses and permits, (xvii) our ability to accurately forecast financial performance, which is affected by limited order backlog and lengthy sales cycles which may cause financial results to fluctuate from quarter to quarter, (xviii) possible situations of obsolete inventory or overcapacity if forecasted demand exceeds actual demand when we create inventory before receipt of customer orders, (xix) the cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry and the resulting periodic overcapacity, fluctuations in operating results and future average selling price erosion, (xx) capacity and capability expansion and acquisition related transactions in our existing fabrications, strategic and/or other in-organic capacity and/ or capability growth and/ or M&A transactions and opportunities, and/ or the acquisition of and/ or the establishment of a new factory or factories, including the additional 300mm manufacturing facility the Company plans to establish adjacent to Fab 7 and maximization of the Company’s Fab 7 300mm output (including risks associated with the repurposing of the Arai facility), which could require funding needs beyond our existing cash, the availability of which cannot be assured on favorable terms, if at all, and which may have adverse impact on the market value of the Company and the price of the Company’s ordinary shares, (xxi) operating our facilities at sufficient utilization rates necessary to generate and maintain positive and sustainable gross, operating and net profit, (xxii) the purchase of equipment and/or raw material (including purchases under committed contracts), the timely completion of the equipment installation, technology transfer and raising the funds therefor, (xxiii) product returns and defective products, (xxiv) our ability to maintain and develop our technology processes and services to keep pace with new technology, including artificial intelligence, evolving standards, changing customer and end-user requirements, new product introductions and short product life cycles, (xxv) competing effectively, (xxvi) our dependence on increased use of outsourced foundry services for specialty process technologies, (xxvii) our dependence on intellectual property rights of others, our ability to operate our business without infringing others’ intellectual property rights and our ability to enforce our intellectual property against infringement, including risks and uncertainties associated with the infringement claims that the Company is currently party to, brought by GlobalFoundries and certain affiliate alleging infringement of certain of its patents, (xxviii) Fab 3 landlord’s alleged claims regarding noise abatement and request for judicial declaration of material non-curable breach of the Fab3 lease, and in addition, alleged claims by a third-party with whom the landlord is engaged pertaining to the Fab3 site, to enforce certain rights with respect to the lease extension, (xxix) retention of key employees and recruitment and retention of skilled qualified personnel, (xxx) exposure to inflation, currency rates (mainly the Israeli Shekel and the Japanese Yen) and interest rate fluctuations and risks associated with doing business locally and internationally, as well as fluctuations in the market price of our traded securities, (xxxi) meeting regulatory requirements worldwide, including export, environmental and governmental regulations, as well as risks related to international operations, (xxxii) engagements for fab establishment, joint venture and/or capital lease transactions for capacity enhancement in advanced technologies, including risks and uncertainties associated with the Agrate fab, such as its qualification schedule, technology, equipment and process qualification, facility operational ramp-up, customer engagements, cost structure, required investments and other terms, which may require additional funding to cover significant capacity investment needs and other payments, (xxxiii) potential liabilities, cost and other impact due to reorganization and consolidation of fabrication facilities, or cessation of operations, (xxxiv) potential security, cyber and privacy breaches, (xxxv) workforce that is not unionized which may become unionized, and/or workforce that is unionized and may take action such as strikes that may create increased cost and operational risks, (xxxvi) the issuance of ordinary shares as a result of exercise and/or vesting of any of our employee equity, as well as any sale of shares by any of our shareholders, or any market expectation thereof, as well as the issuance of additional employees’ restricted stock units, or any market expectation thereof, which may depress the market value of the Company and the price of the Company’s ordinary shares, and in addition may impair our ability to raise future capital, (xxxvii) the dispute resolution process regarding Intel’s determination not to perform its agreement to build a capacity corridor to enable Intel to manufacture wafers for Tower’s customers, which process may be costly and/ or may result in losses and/or other adverse impact, (xxxviii) Pillar Two tax rules and regulations previously released by the OECD, which require a minimum effective corporate income tax rate of 15% applicable in every jurisdiction in which the company operates, which will result in additional income tax expenses for the years 2026 and beyond, mainly with respect to the Company’s Israeli operations in which the Company was subject to 7.5% preferred tax rate until 2025 under Israeli laws, and (xxxix) climate change, business interruptions due to floods, fires, pandemics, earthquakes and other natural disasters, the security situation in Israel and global trade “war”, including the potential inability to continue uninterrupted operations of the Israeli fab, impact on global supply chain to and from the Israeli fab, delays in the delivery, installation and qualification of equipment, power interruptions, chemicals or other leaks or damages as a result therefrom, absence of workforce due to military service as well as risk that certain countries will restrict doing business with Israeli companies, including imposing restrictions due to hostilities in Israel or political instability in the region that may continue or exacerbate, and other events beyond our control. Due to hostilities and instability in neighboring states, Israel could be subject to additional political, economic, and military confines, and our Israeli facility’s operations could be materially adversely affected. Any current or future hostilities involving Israel or the interruption or curtailment of trade between Israel and its present trading partners, or a significant downturn in the economic or financial condition of Israel, could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.

A more complete discussion of risks and uncertainties that may affect the forward-looking statements included in this release or which may otherwise affect our business is included under the heading “Risk Factors” in the Company’s most recent filings on Forms 20-F and 6-K, as were filed with the SEC and the Israel Securities Authority. Future results may differ materially from those previously reported. The Company does not intend to update and expressly disclaims any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking information contained in this release to reflect any changes in expectations with regard thereto, or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.

(Financial tables follow)

   
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES  
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)  
(dollars in thousands)  
  September 30,   December 31,  
  2026   2025  
ASSETS        
CURRENT ASSETS        
Cash and cash equivalents $ 250,748   $ 235,369  
Short-term deposits 1,222,124   916,541  
Trade accounts receivable 226,845   222,795  
Inventories 263,448   256,855  
Other current assets 47,548   78,062  
Total current assets 2,010,713   1,709,622  
PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET 1,825,403   1,463,056  
OTHER LONG-TERM ASSETS, NET 181,091   149,612  
TOTAL ASSETS $ 4,017,207   $ 3,322,290  
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY        
CURRENT LIABILITIES        
Short-term debt $ 13,452   $ 28,112  
Trade accounts payable 193,858   123,915  
Deferred revenue and customers’ advances 248,930   25,581  
Other current liabilities 84,673   86,139  
Total current liabilities 540,913   263,747  
LONG-TERM DEBT 140,275   133,406  
LONG-TERM CUSTOMERS’ ADVANCES 92,052   1,932  
OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES 35,843   18,622  
TOTAL LIABILITIES 809,083   417,707  
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY 3,208,124   2,904,583  
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY $ 4,017,207   $ 3,322,290  
         
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars and share count in thousands, except per share data)
  Three months ended
  September 30,   June 30,
  2026   2026
REVENUE $ 526,161   $ 460,079
COST OF REVENUE 347,402   322,307
GROSS PROFIT 178,759   137,772
OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES:      
Research and development 26,625   23,569
Marketing, general and administrative 24,999   23,913
  51,624   47,482
       
OPERATING PROFIT 127,135   90,290
FINANCING AND OTHER INCOME, NET 11,943   15,902
PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX 139,078   106,192
INCOME TAX EXPENSE, NET (19,193)   (15,573)
NET PROFIT 119,885   90,619
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest 371   150
NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY $ 120,256   $ 90,769
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE $ 1.06   $ 0.80
Weighted average number of shares 113,324   112,910
DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE $ 1.05   $ 0.79
Weighted average number of shares 114,463   114,427
RECONCILIATION FROM GAAP NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY TO ADJUSTED NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY:
GAAP NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY $ 120,256   $ 90,769
Stock based compensation and amortization of acquired intangible assets 11,042   9,941
ADJUSTED NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY $ 131,298   $ 100,710
ADJUSTED EARNINGS PER SHARE:      
Basic $ 1.16   $ 0.89
Diluted $ 1.15   $ 0.88
       
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars and share count in thousands, except per share data)
  Three months ended
  September 30,   September 30,
  2026   2025
REVENUE $ 526,161   $ 395,667
COST OF REVENUE 347,402   302,622
GROSS PROFIT 178,759   93,045
OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES:      
Research and development 26,625   22,056
Marketing, general and administrative 24,999   20,409
  51,624   42,465
       
OPERATING PROFIT 127,135   50,580
FINANCING AND OTHER INCOME, NET 11,943   10,491
PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX 139,078   61,071
INCOME TAX EXPENSE, NET (19,193)   (7,625)
NET PROFIT 119,885   53,446
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interest 371   199
NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY $ 120,256   $ 53,645
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE $ 1.06   $ 0.48
Weighted average number of shares 113,324   112,132
DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE $ 1.05   $ 0.47
Weighted average number of shares 114,463   113,751
RECONCILIATION FROM GAAP NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY TO ADJUSTED NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY:
GAAP NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY $ 120,256   $ 53,645
Stock based compensation and amortization of acquired intangible assets 11,042   9,111
ADJUSTED NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY $ 131,298   $ 62,756
ADJUSTED EARNINGS PER SHARE:      
Basic $ 1.16   $ 0.56
Diluted $ 1.15   $ 0.55
       
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars and share count in thousands, except per share data)
  Nine months ended
  September 30,   September 30,
  2026   2025
REVENUE $ 1,399,871   $ 1,125,898
COST OF REVENUE 972,389   879,656
GROSS PROFIT 427,482   246,242
OPERATING COSTS AND EXPENSES:      
Research and development 73,724   61,646
Marketing, general and administrative 71,768   61,253
  145,492   122,899
       
OPERATING PROFIT 281,990   123,343
FINANCING AND OTHER INCOME , NET 37,363   35,476
PROFIT BEFORE INCOME TAX 319,353   158,819
INCOME TAX EXPENSE, NET (41,284)   (20,064)
NET PROFIT 278,069   138,755
Net loss (profit) attributable to non-controlling interest (2,012)   1,583
NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY $ 276,057   $ 140,338
BASIC EARNINGS PER SHARE $ 2.44   $ 1.25
Weighted average number of shares 112,935   111,841
DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE $ 2.41   $ 1.24
Weighted average number of shares 114,383   113,397
RECONCILIATION FROM GAAP NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY TO ADJUSTED NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY:
GAAP NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY $ 276,057   $ 140,338
Stock based compensation and amortization of acquired intangible assets 30,424   30,041
ADJUSTED NET PROFIT ATTRIBUTABLE TO THE COMPANY $ 306,481   $ 170,379
ADJUSTED EARNINGS PER SHARE:      
Basic $ 2.71   $ 1.52
Diluted $ 2.68   $ 1.50
       
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED SOURCES AND USES REPORT (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands)
  Three months ended
  September 30,   September 30,
  2026   2025
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS – BEGINNING OF PERIOD $ 231,188   $ 265,293
Net cash provided by operating activities, excluding customers’ advances, net 162,311   142,005
Increase (decrease) in customers’ advances, net 22,848   (2,582)
Investments in property and equipment, net (190,683)   (103,490)
Debt repaid, net (7,301)   (6,875)
Effect of foreign currency exchange rate change 2,385   (1,609)
Proceeds from (investments in) deposits 30,000   (20,000)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS – END OF PERIOD $ 250,748   $ 272,742
TOWER SEMICONDUCTOR LTD. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
(dollars in thousands)
  Three months ended
  September 30,   September 30,
  2026   2025
CASH FLOWS – OPERATING ACTIVITIES      
Net profit for the period $ 119,885   $ 53,446
Adjustments to reconcile net profit for the period      
to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Income and expense items not involving cash flows:      
Depreciation and amortization * 90,461   76,456
Other expense (income), net 3,512   (122)
Changes in assets and liabilities, net:      
Trade accounts receivable (23,270)   1,853
Other current assets 8,182   6,770
Inventories (16,573)   (1,983)
Other long term assets (41,337)   —
Trade accounts payable 22,615   (6,516)
Deferred revenue (3,278)   6,805
Other current liabilities (8,016)   2,958
Other long-term liabilities 10,130   2,338
Increase (decrease) in customers’ advances, net 22,848   (2,582)
Net cash provided by operating activities 185,159   139,423
CASH FLOWS – INVESTING ACTIVITIES      
Investments in property and equipment, net (190,683)   (103,490)
Proceeds from (investments in) deposits 30,000   (20,000)
Net cash used in investing activities (160,683)   (123,490)
CASH FLOWS – FINANCING ACTIVITIES      
Debt repaid, net (7,301)   (6,875)
Net cash used in financing activities (7,301)   (6,875)
EFFECT OF FOREIGN CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATE CHANGE 2,385   (1,609)
       
INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS 19,560   7,449
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS – BEGINNING OF PERIOD 231,188   265,293
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS – END OF PERIOD $ 250,748   $ 272,742
* Includes stock based compensation and amortization of acquired intangible assets in the amounts of $11,042 and $9,111 for the 3 months periods ended September 30, 2026 and September 30, 2025, respectively.
       

Recognized First HPC Lease Revenue 

Expanded Barber Lake Lease Term to 20 Years, Increasing Contracted Revenue to $9.1 Billion

Received Conditional Base Load Classification for Colchis (1 GW)

Began Development of Lateral Pipelines to Facilitate up to 2.5 GW of On-Site Generation for Data Center Expansion

NEW YORK, Nov. 02, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Cipher Digital Inc. (NASDAQ: CIFR) (“Cipher” or the “Company”), a leading developer, owner, and operator of industrial-scale data centers, today announced its third quarter 2026 financial results, with an update on its operations and business strategy.

The third quarter marked a milestone in Cipher’s transition to a leading HPC development platform, as the Company recognized its first HPC lease revenue following rent commencement at Black Pearl. Across Black Pearl and Barber Lake, multiple data halls are scheduled to come online through year-end.

Cipher also highlighted its previously announced amendment to the Barber Lake lease, which adds a second 10-year term directly with a leading AI lab. The amendment increases total contracted revenue at the site to approximately $9.1 billion, adding approximately $5.2 billion of incremental rent. It also establishes a phased delivery schedule aligned with the tenant’s compute deployment, and construction remains on track to deliver against the amended schedule.

In the third quarter, the Company received conditional classifications across several pipeline sites through ERCOT’s Batch Zero process, including a conditional base load classification for 1 GW at Colchis and conditional studied load classifications with Provisional Controllable Load Resource (“PCLR”) designations for an additional 1.6 GW.

The Company also commenced development of lateral natural gas pipelines capable of supporting up to 2.5 GW of on-site generation, and acquired Horizon, a 70 MW site in Texas expected to energize in 2029. The pipeline also includes 270 MW of capacity available in 2027, for which the Company continues to advance tenant discussions and design work. Cipher’s development pipeline today totals approximately 5.9 GW.

“Cipher was built for this market, and this quarter we took important steps to strengthen our position for the long term,” said Tyler Page, Chief Executive Officer. “The decisions we made early on about who we partner with, how we structure our projects, how we navigate a dynamic regulatory environment and how we engage with our communities were made for exactly these conditions. Demand for compute is growing, and our relationships with leading hyperscalers and AI labs are deepening. We are adding new capacity to our pipeline, investing earlier in every project and advancing design work before committing to new leases, so we are well positioned for our next phase of growth.”

Finance and Operations Highlights

  • Recognized first HPC lease revenue
  • Delivered first capacity at Black Pearl with additional capacity across all three campuses expected to come online in phases over the coming months
  • Expanded the Barber Lake lease to a 20-year term, increasing total contracted revenue at the site to approximately $9.1 billion
  • Acquired Horizon, a 70 MW Site in Texas with energization expected in 2029
  • Completed an $850 million offering of 0.000% convertible senior notes due 2032, funding additional equity investment into Barber Lake in connection with the lease expansion, with associated capped call transactions raising the effective conversion price to $28.35 per share
  • Equitized approximately $165.9 million of the 1.750% convertible notes due 2030, retiring more than 90% of those notes
  • Received a conditional base load classification for 1 GW and conditional studied load classifications for 1.6 GW with PCLR designations, through ERCOT’s Batch Zero process
  • Commenced development of lateral pipelines to support up to 2.5 GW of potential on-site generation across multiple sites
  • Barber Lake data center construction on track to meet the amended milestones
  • Black Pearl data center continues to progress towards completion with ongoing equipment installation and energization across various data halls
  • Stingray construction advancing, with steel erection progressing on schedule and shell construction expected to be completed in the fourth quarter
  • Q3 2026 Revenue of $27 million and Adjusted EBITDA of negative $10 million

Business Update Call and Webcast

The live webcast and a webcast replay of the conference call can be accessed from the investor relations section of Cipher’s website at https://investors.cipherdigital.com/.

About Cipher

Cipher develops and operates industrial-scale data centers engineered for next-generation computing at the highest standards of innovation, precision, and excellence. The Company brings together deep expertise across power sourcing, construction, engineering, operations, real estate, and technology to deliver high-quality data centers purpose built for HPC workloads. By partnering with premier tenants, Cipher seeks to meet the growing demand for industrial-scale data center capacity and become a leading HPC development platform that is built for hyperscale. To learn more about Cipher, please visit https://www.cipherdigital.com/.

Forward Looking Statements

This press release contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws of the United States. The Company intends such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and includes this statement for purposes of complying with these safe harbor provisions. Any statements made in this press release that are not statements of historical fact, such as, statements about the Company’s beliefs and expectations regarding its future results of operations and financial position, its planned business model and strategy, its data center development, timing and likelihood of success, capacity, functionality and timing of operation of data centers, expectations regarding the operations of data centers, potential strategic initiatives, such as joint ventures and partnerships, and management plans and objectives, are forward-looking statements and should be evaluated as such. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “seeks,” “intends,” “targets,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “strategy,” “future,” “forecasts,” “opportunity,” “predicts,” “potential,” “would,” “will likely result,” “continue,” and similar expressions (including the negative versions of such words or expressions).

These forward-looking statements are based upon estimates and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by Cipher and its management, are inherently uncertain. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible to predict all risks and uncertainties. Many factors could cause actual future events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements in this press release, including but not limited to: volatility in the price of Cipher’s securities due to a variety of factors, including changes in the competitive and regulated industry in which Cipher operates, Cipher’s evolving business model and strategy and efforts it may make to modify aspects of its business model or engage in various strategic initiatives, variations in performance across competitors, changes in laws and regulations affecting Cipher’s business, the ability of Cipher’s customers, tenants, and other counterparties to perform their contractual obligations, the ability to Cipher to complete its data centers and future strategic growth initiatives in a timely manner or within anticipated cost estimates, risks relating to the development, construction, and operation of Cipher’s data centers, the availability of capital and financing on acceptable terms, changes in market demand, and the ability to implement business plans, forecasts, and other expectations and to identify and realize additional opportunities. The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. You should carefully consider the foregoing factors and the other risks and uncertainties described in the “Risk Factors” section of Cipher’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 24, 2026, Cipher’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2026, filed with the SEC on August 4, 2026, Cipher’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2026 to be filed with the SEC and in Cipher’s subsequent filings with the SEC. These filings identify and address other important risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events and results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. Readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements, and Cipher assumes no obligation and, except as required by law, does not intend to update or revise these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

Website Disclosure

The Company maintains a dedicated investor website at https://investors.cipherdigital.com/investors (“Investors’ Website”). Financial and other important information regarding the Company is routinely posted on and accessible through the Investors Website. Cipher uses its Investors’ Website as a distribution channel of material information about the Company, including through press releases, investor presentations, reports and notices of upcoming events. Cipher intends to utilize its Investors’ Website as a channel of distribution to reach public investors and as a means of disclosing material non-public information for complying with disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. In addition, you may sign up to automatically receive email alerts and other information about the Company by visiting the “Email Alerts” option under the Investors Resources section of Cipher’s Investors’ Website and submitting your email address.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This press release includes supplemental financial measures Adjusted EBITDA, that excludes the impact of (i) interest income, (ii) interest expense, (iii) income taxes, (iv) depreciation and amortization, (v) the non-cash change in fair value of derivative asset, (vi) share-based compensation expense, (vii) nonrecurring gains and losses, (viii) the non-cash change in fair value of warrant liability, (ix) non-cash losses related to miners reclassified as held for sale, (x) impairment of long-lived assets, and (xi) non-cash disposal of miners.

Beginning with the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company changed its primary non-GAAP performance from “Adjusted Earnings (Loss)” to Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA differs from Adjusted Earnings (Loss) only in that, in addition to the adjustments previously made to compute Adjusted Earnings (Loss), Adjusted EBITDA also excludes interest expense, interest income, and current income tax expense. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is more representative of the Company’s core operating performance, more comparable to measures used by industry peers, and more useful to investors evaluating our underlying business. The reconciliation table below presents Adjusted EBITDA for both periods presented under the Company’s new methodology. The Company does not intend to report Adjusted Earnings (Loss) in future periods.

These supplemental financial measures are not measurements of financial performance under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and, as a result, these supplemental financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures internally to help understand, manage, and evaluate our business performance and to help make operating decisions. We believe the use of these non-GAAP financial measures can also facilitate comparison of our operating results to those of our competitors by excluding certain items that vary in our industry based on company policy.

Non-GAAP financial measures are subject to material limitations as they are not in accordance with, or a substitute for, measurements prepared in accordance with GAAP. For example, we expect that share-based compensation expense, which is excluded from the non-GAAP financial measure, will continue to be a significant recurring expense over the coming years and is an important part of the compensation provided to certain employees, officers and directors. Similarly, we expect that depreciation and amortization will continue to be a recurring expense over the term of the useful life of the related assets. Our non-GAAP financial measures are not meant to be considered in isolation and should be read only in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. We rely primarily on such condensed consolidated financial statements to understand, manage and evaluate our business performance and use the non-GAAP financial measures only supplementally.

Contacts:

Investor Contact:
Courtney Knight
Head of Investor Relations
courtney.knight@cipherdigital.com

Media Contact:
Ryan Dicovitsky
Dukas Linden Public Relations
CipherDigital@DLPR.com

 
CIPHER DIGITAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except for share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)
       
  September 30, 2026   December 31, 2025
ASSETS      
Current assets      
Cash and cash equivalents $ 656,009     $ 628,263  
Restricted cash, current   1,719,403       1,761,292  
Accounts receivable   20,469       687  
Receivables, related party   –       271  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets   56,342       7,977  
Bitcoin   25,943       125,400  
Miners held for sale   –       94,879  
Derivative asset, current   8,770       34,090  
Total current assets   2,486,936       2,652,859  
Restricted cash, non-current   477,182       275,076  
Property and equipment, net   3,899,880       633,417  
Intangible assets, net   125,094       77,388  
Investment in equity investees   –       29,400  
Derivative asset, non-current   –       22,720  
Operating lease right-of-use asset   32,322       11,321  
Security deposits   89,565       27,732  
Other non-current assets   555,075       561,995  
Total assets $ 7,666,054     $ 4,291,908  
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST, AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY      
Current liabilities      
Accounts payable $ 216,987     $ 40,064  
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities   628,770       90,086  
Finance lease liability, current portion   4,389       4,237  
Operating lease liability, current portion   2,450       1,731  
Warrant liability   504,880       525,160  
Short-term borrowings   112,704       37,793  
Total current liabilities   1,470,180       699,071  
Deferred revenue   46,185       –  
Long-term borrowings, net   5,447,174       2,711,648  
Asset retirement obligations   24,082       33,696  
Finance lease liability   17,930       3,094  
Operating lease liability   34,578       8,545  
Total liabilities   7,040,129       3,456,054  
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)      
Redeemable noncontrolling interest   25,670       30,319  
Stockholders’ equity      
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025   –       –  
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 1,000,000,000 and 1,000,000,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, 425,237,783 and 412,074,529 shares issued as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and 415,092,825 and 404,963,061 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively   425       412  
Additional paid-in capital   1,953,736       1,808,786  
Accumulated deficit   (1,353,896 )     (1,003,656 )
Treasury stock, at par, 10,144,958 and 7,111,468 shares at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively   (10 )     (7 )
Total stockholders’ equity   600,255       805,535  
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest, and stockholders’ equity $ 7,666,054     $ 4,291,908  
               


CIPHER DIGITAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except for share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)
       
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2026   2025   2026   2025
Revenue – bitcoin mining $ 20,849     $ 71,707     $ 80,524     $ 164,231  
Revenue – HPC leasing   5,852       –       5,852       –  
Total revenue   26,701       71,707       86,376       164,231  
Costs and operating (expenses) income              
Cost of revenue – bitcoin mining   (14,638 )     (26,733 )     (46,487 )     (56,957 )
Cost of revenue – HPC leasing   (726 )     –       (1,629 )     –  
Compensation and benefits   (38,555 )     (14,445 )     (115,917 )     (44,407 )
General and administrative   (26,359 )     (8,167 )     (54,578 )     (26,196 )
Depreciation and amortization   (18,821 )     (59,549 )     (57,200 )     (147,102 )
Change in fair value of power purchase agreement   (13,910 )     (9,030 )     (48,040 )     (17,180 )
Power sales   4,251       2,335       8,684       4,702  
Equity in losses of equity investees   –       (1,479 )     (1,601 )     (8,472 )
Unrealized gains (losses) on fair value of bitcoin   12,394       108       33,055       (2,927 )
Realized gains (losses) on sale of bitcoin   481       7,535       (47,251 )     16,092  
Other operating income (losses)   (2,733 )     101       (20,432 )     (2,732 )
Total costs and operating expenses   (98,616 )     (109,324 )     (351,396 )     (285,179 )
Operating loss   (71,915 )     (37,617 )     (265,020 )     (120,948 )
Other income (expense)              
Interest income   32,684       457       100,135       943  
Interest expense   (58,994 )     (1,286 )     (184,888 )     (3,200 )
Change in fair value of warrant liability   127,180       31,860       20,280       31,860  
Other income (expenses)   2,587       3,000       (20,036 )     4,064  
Total other income (expense)   103,457       34,031       (84,509 )     33,667  
Income (loss) before taxes   31,542       (3,586 )     (349,529 )     (87,281 )
Current income tax benefit (expense)   54       767       (720 )     (1,157 )
Deferred income tax (expense) benefit   –       (464 )     –       399  
Total income tax benefit (expense)   54       303       (720 )     (758 )
Net income (loss)   31,596       (3,283 )     (350,249 )     (88,039 )
Less: Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest   9       –       9       –  
Net income (loss) available for common stockholders $ 31,605     $ (3,283 )   $ (350,240 )   $ (88,039 )
Earnings (loss) per share – basic $ 0.08     $ (0.01 )   $ (0.85 )   $ (0.23 )
Earnings (loss) per share – diluted $ (0.22 )   $ (0.01 )   $ (0.85 )   $ (0.23 )
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic   414,996,770       393,191,623       409,866,599       376,372,526  
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted   439,694,022       393,191,623       409,866,599       376,372,526  
                               

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The following is a reconciliation of our Adjusted EBITDA, which excludes the impact of (i) interest income, (ii) interest expense, (iii) income taxes, (iv) depreciation and amortization, (v) the non-cash change in fair value of derivative asset, (vi) share-based compensation expense, (vii) nonrecurring gains and losses, (viii) the non-cash change in fair value of warrant liability, (ix) non-cash losses related to miners reclassified as held for sale, (x) impairment of long-lived assets, and (xi) non-cash disposal of miners, to the most directly comparable GAAP measure for the periods indicated (in thousands).

  Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2026   2025   2026   2025
Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA:              
Net income (loss) $ 31,596     $ (3,283 )   $ (350,249 )   $ (88,039 )
Interest income   (32,684 )     (457 )     (100,135 )     (943 )
Interest expense   58,994       1,286       184,888       3,200  
Total income tax expense   (54 )     (303 )     720       758  
Depreciation and amortization   18,821       59,549       57,200       147,102  
EBITDA $ 76,673     $ 56,792     $ (207,576 )   $ 62,078  
Change in fair value of power purchase agreement   13,910       9,030       48,040       17,180  
Share-based compensation expense   26,634       9,074       84,208       28,736  
Other (gains) losses – nonrecurring   —       (2,246 )     —       4,049  
Change in fair value of warrant liability   (127,180 )     (31,860 )     (20,280 )     (31,860 )
Loss on miners held for sale   —       —       7,437       —  
Adjusted EBITDA $ (9,963 )   $ 40,790     $ (88,171 )   $ 80,183  

Recognized First HPC Lease Revenue 

Expanded Barber Lake Lease Term to 20 Years, Increasing Contracted Revenue to $9.1 Billion

Received Conditional Base Load Classification for Colchis (1 GW)

Began Development of Lateral Pipelines to Facilitate up to 2.5 GW of On-Site Generation for Data Center Expansion

NEW YORK, Nov. 02, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Cipher Digital Inc. (NASDAQ: CIFR) (“Cipher” or the “Company”), a leading developer, owner, and operator of industrial-scale data centers, today announced its third quarter 2026 financial results, with an update on its operations and business strategy.

The third quarter marked a milestone in Cipher’s transition to a leading HPC development platform, as the Company recognized its first HPC lease revenue following rent commencement at Black Pearl. Across Black Pearl and Barber Lake, multiple data halls are scheduled to come online through year-end.

Cipher also highlighted its previously announced amendment to the Barber Lake lease, which adds a second 10-year term directly with a leading AI lab. The amendment increases total contracted revenue at the site to approximately $9.1 billion, adding approximately $5.2 billion of incremental rent. It also establishes a phased delivery schedule aligned with the tenant’s compute deployment, and construction remains on track to deliver against the amended schedule.

In the third quarter, the Company received conditional classifications across several pipeline sites through ERCOT’s Batch Zero process, including a conditional base load classification for 1 GW at Colchis and conditional studied load classifications with Provisional Controllable Load Resource (“PCLR”) designations for an additional 1.6 GW.

The Company also commenced development of lateral natural gas pipelines capable of supporting up to 2.5 GW of on-site generation, and acquired Horizon, a 70 MW site in Texas expected to energize in 2029. The pipeline also includes 270 MW of capacity available in 2027, for which the Company continues to advance tenant discussions and design work. Cipher’s development pipeline today totals approximately 5.9 GW.

“Cipher was built for this market, and this quarter we took important steps to strengthen our position for the long term,” said Tyler Page, Chief Executive Officer. “The decisions we made early on about who we partner with, how we structure our projects, how we navigate a dynamic regulatory environment and how we engage with our communities were made for exactly these conditions. Demand for compute is growing, and our relationships with leading hyperscalers and AI labs are deepening. We are adding new capacity to our pipeline, investing earlier in every project and advancing design work before committing to new leases, so we are well positioned for our next phase of growth.”

Finance and Operations Highlights

  • Recognized first HPC lease revenue
  • Delivered first capacity at Black Pearl with additional capacity across all three campuses expected to come online in phases over the coming months
  • Expanded the Barber Lake lease to a 20-year term, increasing total contracted revenue at the site to approximately $9.1 billion
  • Acquired Horizon, a 70 MW Site in Texas with energization expected in 2029
  • Completed an $850 million offering of 0.000% convertible senior notes due 2032, funding additional equity investment into Barber Lake in connection with the lease expansion, with associated capped call transactions raising the effective conversion price to $28.35 per share
  • Equitized approximately $165.9 million of the 1.750% convertible notes due 2030, retiring more than 90% of those notes
  • Received a conditional base load classification for 1 GW and conditional studied load classifications for 1.6 GW with PCLR designations, through ERCOT’s Batch Zero process
  • Commenced development of lateral pipelines to support up to 2.5 GW of potential on-site generation across multiple sites
  • Barber Lake data center construction on track to meet the amended milestones
  • Black Pearl data center continues to progress towards completion with ongoing equipment installation and energization across various data halls
  • Stingray construction advancing, with steel erection progressing on schedule and shell construction expected to be completed in the fourth quarter
  • Q3 2026 Revenue of $27 million and Adjusted EBITDA of negative $10 million

Business Update Call and Webcast

The live webcast and a webcast replay of the conference call can be accessed from the investor relations section of Cipher’s website at https://investors.cipherdigital.com/.

About Cipher

Cipher develops and operates industrial-scale data centers engineered for next-generation computing at the highest standards of innovation, precision, and excellence. The Company brings together deep expertise across power sourcing, construction, engineering, operations, real estate, and technology to deliver high-quality data centers purpose built for HPC workloads. By partnering with premier tenants, Cipher seeks to meet the growing demand for industrial-scale data center capacity and become a leading HPC development platform that is built for hyperscale. To learn more about Cipher, please visit https://www.cipherdigital.com/.

Forward Looking Statements

This press release contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws of the United States. The Company intends such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and includes this statement for purposes of complying with these safe harbor provisions. Any statements made in this press release that are not statements of historical fact, such as, statements about the Company’s beliefs and expectations regarding its future results of operations and financial position, its planned business model and strategy, its data center development, timing and likelihood of success, capacity, functionality and timing of operation of data centers, expectations regarding the operations of data centers, potential strategic initiatives, such as joint ventures and partnerships, and management plans and objectives, are forward-looking statements and should be evaluated as such. These forward-looking statements generally are identified by the words “may,” “will,” “should,” “expects,” “plans,” “anticipates,” “could,” “seeks,” “intends,” “targets,” “projects,” “contemplates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “strategy,” “future,” “forecasts,” “opportunity,” “predicts,” “potential,” “would,” “will likely result,” “continue,” and similar expressions (including the negative versions of such words or expressions).

These forward-looking statements are based upon estimates and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by Cipher and its management, are inherently uncertain. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. New risks and uncertainties may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible to predict all risks and uncertainties. Many factors could cause actual future events to differ materially from the forward-looking statements in this press release, including but not limited to: volatility in the price of Cipher’s securities due to a variety of factors, including changes in the competitive and regulated industry in which Cipher operates, Cipher’s evolving business model and strategy and efforts it may make to modify aspects of its business model or engage in various strategic initiatives, variations in performance across competitors, changes in laws and regulations affecting Cipher’s business, the ability of Cipher’s customers, tenants, and other counterparties to perform their contractual obligations, the ability to Cipher to complete its data centers and future strategic growth initiatives in a timely manner or within anticipated cost estimates, risks relating to the development, construction, and operation of Cipher’s data centers, the availability of capital and financing on acceptable terms, changes in market demand, and the ability to implement business plans, forecasts, and other expectations and to identify and realize additional opportunities. The foregoing list of factors is not exhaustive. You should carefully consider the foregoing factors and the other risks and uncertainties described in the “Risk Factors” section of Cipher’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 24, 2026, Cipher’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2026, filed with the SEC on August 4, 2026, Cipher’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2026 to be filed with the SEC and in Cipher’s subsequent filings with the SEC. These filings identify and address other important risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events and results to differ materially from those contained in the forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date they are made. Readers are cautioned not to put undue reliance on forward-looking statements, and Cipher assumes no obligation and, except as required by law, does not intend to update or revise these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.

Website Disclosure

The Company maintains a dedicated investor website at https://investors.cipherdigital.com/investors (“Investors’ Website”). Financial and other important information regarding the Company is routinely posted on and accessible through the Investors Website. Cipher uses its Investors’ Website as a distribution channel of material information about the Company, including through press releases, investor presentations, reports and notices of upcoming events. Cipher intends to utilize its Investors’ Website as a channel of distribution to reach public investors and as a means of disclosing material non-public information for complying with disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. In addition, you may sign up to automatically receive email alerts and other information about the Company by visiting the “Email Alerts” option under the Investors Resources section of Cipher’s Investors’ Website and submitting your email address.

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

This press release includes supplemental financial measures Adjusted EBITDA, that excludes the impact of (i) interest income, (ii) interest expense, (iii) income taxes, (iv) depreciation and amortization, (v) the non-cash change in fair value of derivative asset, (vi) share-based compensation expense, (vii) nonrecurring gains and losses, (viii) the non-cash change in fair value of warrant liability, (ix) non-cash losses related to miners reclassified as held for sale, (x) impairment of long-lived assets, and (xi) non-cash disposal of miners.

Beginning with the three months ended March 31, 2026, the Company changed its primary non-GAAP performance from “Adjusted Earnings (Loss)” to Adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA differs from Adjusted Earnings (Loss) only in that, in addition to the adjustments previously made to compute Adjusted Earnings (Loss), Adjusted EBITDA also excludes interest expense, interest income, and current income tax expense. We believe Adjusted EBITDA is more representative of the Company’s core operating performance, more comparable to measures used by industry peers, and more useful to investors evaluating our underlying business. The reconciliation table below presents Adjusted EBITDA for both periods presented under the Company’s new methodology. The Company does not intend to report Adjusted Earnings (Loss) in future periods.

These supplemental financial measures are not measurements of financial performance under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) and, as a result, these supplemental financial measures may not be comparable to similarly titled measures of other companies. Management uses these non-GAAP financial measures internally to help understand, manage, and evaluate our business performance and to help make operating decisions. We believe the use of these non-GAAP financial measures can also facilitate comparison of our operating results to those of our competitors by excluding certain items that vary in our industry based on company policy.

Non-GAAP financial measures are subject to material limitations as they are not in accordance with, or a substitute for, measurements prepared in accordance with GAAP. For example, we expect that share-based compensation expense, which is excluded from the non-GAAP financial measure, will continue to be a significant recurring expense over the coming years and is an important part of the compensation provided to certain employees, officers and directors. Similarly, we expect that depreciation and amortization will continue to be a recurring expense over the term of the useful life of the related assets. Our non-GAAP financial measures are not meant to be considered in isolation and should be read only in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. We rely primarily on such condensed consolidated financial statements to understand, manage and evaluate our business performance and use the non-GAAP financial measures only supplementally.

Contacts:

Investor Contact:
Courtney Knight
Head of Investor Relations
courtney.knight@cipherdigital.com

Media Contact:
Ryan Dicovitsky
Dukas Linden Public Relations
CipherDigital@DLPR.com

 
CIPHER DIGITAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except for share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)
       
  September 30, 2026   December 31, 2025
ASSETS      
Current assets      
Cash and cash equivalents $ 656,009     $ 628,263  
Restricted cash, current   1,719,403       1,761,292  
Accounts receivable   20,469       687  
Receivables, related party   –       271  
Prepaid expenses and other current assets   56,342       7,977  
Bitcoin   25,943       125,400  
Miners held for sale   –       94,879  
Derivative asset, current   8,770       34,090  
Total current assets   2,486,936       2,652,859  
Restricted cash, non-current   477,182       275,076  
Property and equipment, net   3,899,880       633,417  
Intangible assets, net   125,094       77,388  
Investment in equity investees   –       29,400  
Derivative asset, non-current   –       22,720  
Operating lease right-of-use asset   32,322       11,321  
Security deposits   89,565       27,732  
Other non-current assets   555,075       561,995  
Total assets $ 7,666,054     $ 4,291,908  
LIABILITIES, REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST, AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY      
Current liabilities      
Accounts payable $ 216,987     $ 40,064  
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities   628,770       90,086  
Finance lease liability, current portion   4,389       4,237  
Operating lease liability, current portion   2,450       1,731  
Warrant liability   504,880       525,160  
Short-term borrowings   112,704       37,793  
Total current liabilities   1,470,180       699,071  
Deferred revenue   46,185       –  
Long-term borrowings, net   5,447,174       2,711,648  
Asset retirement obligations   24,082       33,696  
Finance lease liability   17,930       3,094  
Operating lease liability   34,578       8,545  
Total liabilities   7,040,129       3,456,054  
Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)      
Redeemable noncontrolling interest   25,670       30,319  
Stockholders’ equity      
Preferred stock, $0.001 par value; 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding as of September 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025   –       –  
Common stock, $0.001 par value, 1,000,000,000 and 1,000,000,000 shares authorized as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, 425,237,783 and 412,074,529 shares issued as of September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and 415,092,825 and 404,963,061 shares outstanding as of September 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively   425       412  
Additional paid-in capital   1,953,736       1,808,786  
Accumulated deficit   (1,353,896 )     (1,003,656 )
Treasury stock, at par, 10,144,958 and 7,111,468 shares at September 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively   (10 )     (7 )
Total stockholders’ equity   600,255       805,535  
Total liabilities, redeemable noncontrolling interest, and stockholders’ equity $ 7,666,054     $ 4,291,908  
               


CIPHER DIGITAL INC.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(in thousands, except for share and per share amounts)
(unaudited)
       
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2026   2025   2026   2025
Revenue – bitcoin mining $ 20,849     $ 71,707     $ 80,524     $ 164,231  
Revenue – HPC leasing   5,852       –       5,852       –  
Total revenue   26,701       71,707       86,376       164,231  
Costs and operating (expenses) income              
Cost of revenue – bitcoin mining   (14,638 )     (26,733 )     (46,487 )     (56,957 )
Cost of revenue – HPC leasing   (726 )     –       (1,629 )     –  
Compensation and benefits   (38,555 )     (14,445 )     (115,917 )     (44,407 )
General and administrative   (26,359 )     (8,167 )     (54,578 )     (26,196 )
Depreciation and amortization   (18,821 )     (59,549 )     (57,200 )     (147,102 )
Change in fair value of power purchase agreement   (13,910 )     (9,030 )     (48,040 )     (17,180 )
Power sales   4,251       2,335       8,684       4,702  
Equity in losses of equity investees   –       (1,479 )     (1,601 )     (8,472 )
Unrealized gains (losses) on fair value of bitcoin   12,394       108       33,055       (2,927 )
Realized gains (losses) on sale of bitcoin   481       7,535       (47,251 )     16,092  
Other operating income (losses)   (2,733 )     101       (20,432 )     (2,732 )
Total costs and operating expenses   (98,616 )     (109,324 )     (351,396 )     (285,179 )
Operating loss   (71,915 )     (37,617 )     (265,020 )     (120,948 )
Other income (expense)              
Interest income   32,684       457       100,135       943  
Interest expense   (58,994 )     (1,286 )     (184,888 )     (3,200 )
Change in fair value of warrant liability   127,180       31,860       20,280       31,860  
Other income (expenses)   2,587       3,000       (20,036 )     4,064  
Total other income (expense)   103,457       34,031       (84,509 )     33,667  
Income (loss) before taxes   31,542       (3,586 )     (349,529 )     (87,281 )
Current income tax benefit (expense)   54       767       (720 )     (1,157 )
Deferred income tax (expense) benefit   –       (464 )     –       399  
Total income tax benefit (expense)   54       303       (720 )     (758 )
Net income (loss)   31,596       (3,283 )     (350,249 )     (88,039 )
Less: Net loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest   9       –       9       –  
Net income (loss) available for common stockholders $ 31,605     $ (3,283 )   $ (350,240 )   $ (88,039 )
Earnings (loss) per share – basic $ 0.08     $ (0.01 )   $ (0.85 )   $ (0.23 )
Earnings (loss) per share – diluted $ (0.22 )   $ (0.01 )   $ (0.85 )   $ (0.23 )
Weighted average shares outstanding – basic   414,996,770       393,191,623       409,866,599       376,372,526  
Weighted average shares outstanding – diluted   439,694,022       393,191,623       409,866,599       376,372,526  
                               

Non-GAAP Financial Measures

The following is a reconciliation of our Adjusted EBITDA, which excludes the impact of (i) interest income, (ii) interest expense, (iii) income taxes, (iv) depreciation and amortization, (v) the non-cash change in fair value of derivative asset, (vi) share-based compensation expense, (vii) nonrecurring gains and losses, (viii) the non-cash change in fair value of warrant liability, (ix) non-cash losses related to miners reclassified as held for sale, (x) impairment of long-lived assets, and (xi) non-cash disposal of miners, to the most directly comparable GAAP measure for the periods indicated (in thousands).

  Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2026   2025   2026   2025
Reconciliation of Adjusted EBITDA:              
Net income (loss) $ 31,596     $ (3,283 )   $ (350,249 )   $ (88,039 )
Interest income   (32,684 )     (457 )     (100,135 )     (943 )
Interest expense   58,994       1,286       184,888       3,200  
Total income tax expense   (54 )     (303 )     720       758  
Depreciation and amortization   18,821       59,549       57,200       147,102  
EBITDA $ 76,673     $ 56,792     $ (207,576 )   $ 62,078  
Change in fair value of power purchase agreement   13,910       9,030       48,040       17,180  
Share-based compensation expense   26,634       9,074       84,208       28,736  
Other (gains) losses – nonrecurring   —       (2,246 )     —       4,049  
Change in fair value of warrant liability   (127,180 )     (31,860 )     (20,280 )     (31,860 )
Loss on miners held for sale   —       —       7,437       —  
Adjusted EBITDA $ (9,963 )   $ 40,790     $ (88,171 )   $ 80,183  

  • Trial met its dual primary endpoints for (1) statistically significant reduction (p=0.0168) in microglial activation as measured by TSPO PET imaging in patients treated with 50 ug nasal foralumab as compared to placebo and (2) safety/tolerability.
  • Foralumab-treated subjects showed statistically significant and clinically significant improvements in Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) scores compared with their own baseline scores after only 12 weeks of drug therapy. Subjects treated with 50 ug nasal foralumab saw a -6.17 point decrease from baseline (p=0.035), and those treated with 100 ug experienced a -7.18 decrease from baseline (p=0.040). No significant change was seen in the placebo group.

BOSTON, Nov. 02, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Tiziana Life Sciences, Ltd. (Nasdaq: TLSA) (“Tiziana” or the “Company”), a biotechnology company developing breakthrough immunomodulation therapies with its lead development candidate, intranasal foralumab, a fully human anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, today announced positive topline data in its Phase 2a INFORM-MS trial with intranasal foralumab (a human, anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody) in patients with non-active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (na-SPMS).

Non-active secondary progressive MS is a form of the disease characterized by gradual accumulation of disability independent of relapses. There are currently no FDA-approved therapies specifically indicated for na-SPMS, leaving patients with a significant unmet need, particularly related to progressive disability and fatigue.

The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial met its dual primary endpoints. Firstly, there was a statistically significant reduction in neuroinflammation (as measured by a reduction in microglial activation with[¹⁸F]PBR06 TSPO PET imaging), (p=0.0168) after 12 weeks of treatment between the 50 ug nasal foralumab treatment arm and placebo. Second, both 50 μg and 100 μg doses of intranasal foralumab were safe and well-tolerated.

The average fatigue scores improved by more than 4 points in both the 50 μg and 100 μg treatment arms, between baseline and Week 12, representing a clinically significant (Rooney et al., 2019) reduction of fatigue as measured by the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). The MFIS Total Score showed a numerical mean change of –6.17 in the 50 μg arm, –7.18 in the 100 μg arm compared with –3.12 in the placebo arm, representing a clinically significant improvement of more than 4 points within the treatment arms. These reductions were statistically significant compared with each treatment group’s own baseline scores [50 μg dose arm (p=0.035) and 100 μg dose arm (p=0.040)]. We did not see any changes in the EDSS secondary endpoint over the 3-month treatment duration.

“These results represent a significant milestone for patients with non-active secondary progressive MS, a population with significant unmet need and limited treatment options,” said Tanuja Chitnis, M.D., Principal Investigator of the INFORM-MS trial and Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School / Brigham and Women’s Hospital. “The primary imaging endpoint on TSPO PET in the 50 ug nasal foralumab treatment arm from the INFORM-MS study closely mirrors the reductions in microglial activation we previously published in our expanded access program, providing important corroboration in a controlled setting. Equally encouraging is the clinically significant improvement in fatigue as measured by MFIS, despite the short 12-week treatment duration. This clinical effect was notable. We consider these findings as encouraging evidence of the biological activity of nasal foralumab in this MS population where at present there are no approved treatments for these patients. Safety and tolerability were favorable across both doses.”

“These positive topline results from INFORM-MS further validate the therapeutic potential of intranasal foralumab in non-active secondary progressive MS,” said Tarun Singhal, MBBS, M.D., M.B.A., Founding Director, NeuroPET Program, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Mass General Brigham and Associate Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School. “Seeing a statistically significant reduction in microglial activation on TSPO PET, together with a clinically significant difference in fatigue in both foralumab doses, is highly encouraging. These findings align with what we have observed in the expanded access setting and reinforce the rationale for advancing this novel approach.”

Ivor Elrifi, Chief Executive Officer of Tiziana Life Sciences, commented: “We are extremely pleased that INFORM-MS successfully met its primary endpoints for both safety and reduction in neuroinflammation measured by PET imaging of microglial activation. The statistically significant, and clinically significant improvements from baseline in MFIS at both 50 μg and 100 μg doses further strengthens our conviction in the potential of intranasal foralumab. These data, together with the accumulating real-world evidence from our expanded access program in na-SPMS patients, as well as emerging data from our current trials in AD, ALS, and MSA, positions us well as we advance foralumab to the next stage of development. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the investigators, clinical site staff, and most importantly the patients and their families who participated in the INFORM-MS trial. Their commitment and partnership made this important study possible, and we deeply appreciate their contributions to advancing potential new treatment options for people living with non-active secondary progressive MS.”

Tiziana developed nasal foralumab for the treatment of neurologic diseases, based on discoveries in the laboratory of Howard L. Weiner, MD, Professor of Neurology at the Harvard Medical School and Co-Director of the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital.

INFORM-MS enrolled patients across 8 clinical sites in the United States. Participants were randomized to receive placebo (n=18), intranasal foralumab 50 μg (n=19), or intranasal foralumab 100 μg (n=11). Treatment was 12 weeks of dosing delivered in four consecutive three-week cycles. Primary endpoints were safety / tolerability, and change from baseline in microglial activation measured by [¹⁸F]PBR06 TSPO PET. Secondary endpoints included the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).

Primary Endpoints –Microglial Activation (TSPO PET) and Safety

The trial met its neuroinflammation endpoint (measured by TSPO-PET) in patients treated with 50 µg nasal foralumab. In an ANCOVA, assessing all patients who had analyzable PET scans (n=40), adjusting for baseline white-matter/global-brain SUV ratio (SUVR), TSPO binding affinity, baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), timed 25-foot walk (T25FW), recruiting center, and scanner-pair category, the globally normalized White Matter SUVR adjusted treatment difference was -0.0231 (-0.0416 to -0.0046 95% CI), and reached statistical significance (p=0.0168). The 50 µg finding was also significant in the model without EDSS and T25FW adjustment (p = 0.0394). The change in microglial activation mirrored previously published findings from foralumab expanded access program (Chitnis et al., 2026), corroborating the placebo-controlled observations. There was no statistically significant difference in PET over the treatment period in patients treated with 100 µg nasal foralumab (n=11).

The trial also met its primary safety objectives. Foralumab administered as a nasal spray was well tolerated across both dose levels studied. All 48 participants completed treatment and there were no deaths, no discontinuations due to adverse events, or no study-drug related SAEs. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 15/18 (83.3%) of placebo patients and 23/30 (76.7%) of foralumab-treated patients (50 μg and 100 μg combined). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events reported in ≥10% of patients in either foralumab group were headache, fall, nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea.

Secondary Endpoints

This study was not powered to demonstrate definitive changes in clinical parameters such as fatigue (which is a hallmark of the disease). Nonetheless the MFIS Total Score showed a numerical mean change of –6.17 in the 50 μg arm, –7.18 in the 100 μg arm compared with –3.12 in the placebo arm, representing a clinically significant improvement of more than 4 points in each foralumab arm. The approximately twofold greater improvement observed in both foralumab groups supports the totality of evidence that this change is clinically significant, consistent with previous published data from the expanded access program (Chitnis et al., 2026). In addition, the data showed a statistically significant reduction (p=0.035) within the 50 μg dose arm and (p=0.040) within the 100 μg arm in MFIS between baseline and 12-week treatment duration.

Next Steps
Tiziana intends to complete full analysis of the INFORM-MS data set and present the detailed results at an upcoming relevant scientific congress. The Company also plans to engage with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to discuss the results and the potential path forward for further clinical development of intranasal foralumab in na-SPMS.

About Non-Active Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Non-active secondary progressive MS is characterized by gradual accumulation of disability without recent relapses or new MRI activity. Microglial activation is believed to play a central role in the progressive biology of the disease. Current treatment options remain limited.

About Foralumab
Foralumab, a fully human anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, is a biological drug candidate that has been shown to stimulate T regulatory cells when dosed intranasally. At present, 14 patients with Non-Active Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (na-SPMS) have been dosed in an open-label intermediate sized Expanded Access (EA) Program (NCT06802328) with either an improvement or stability of disease seen within 6 months in all patients. Intranasal foralumab is also currently being studied in additional Phase 2 trials in AD, ALS, and MSA.

Intranasal foralumab is the only fully human anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) currently in clinical development. Immunomodulation by intranasal foralumab represents a novel avenue for the treatment of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative human diseases.[1],[2]

About Tiziana Life Sciences

Tiziana Life Sciences is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing breakthrough therapies using transformational drug delivery technologies to enable alternative routes of immunotherapy. Tiziana’s innovative intranasal approach has the potential to provide an improvement in efficacy as well as safety and tolerability compared to intravenous (IV) delivery. Tiziana’s lead candidate, intranasal foralumab, which is the only fully human anti-CD3 mAb currently in clinical development, has demonstrated a favorable safety profile and clinical response in patients in studies to date. Tiziana’s technology for alternative routes of immunotherapy has been patented with several applications pending and is expected to allow for broad pipeline applications.

For more information about Tiziana Life Sciences and its innovative pipeline of therapies, please visit www.tizianalifesciences.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements in this press release may be “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that concern matters that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated or projected in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts but rather are based on the Company’s current expectations, estimates, and projections about its industry; its beliefs; and assumptions. Words such as ‘anticipates,’ ‘expects,’ ‘intends,’ ‘plans,’ ‘believes,’ ‘seeks,’ ‘estimates,’ and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements reflect the current beliefs and expectations of Tiziana’s management and statements regarding completion of the INFORM-MS data analysis, presentation of detailed results, engagement with the FDA and potential further clinical development of intranasal foralumab. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, some of which are beyond the Company’s control, are difficult to predict, and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements. The Company cautions security holders and prospective security holders not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect the view of the Company only as of the date of this announcement. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including: the uncertainties related to market conditions and other factors described more fully in the section entitled ‘Risk Factors’ in Tiziana’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2025, and other periodic reports filed with the SEC from time to time. The forward-looking statements made in this announcement relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. The Company will not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions or updates to these forward-looking statements to reflect events, circumstances, or unanticipated events occurring after the date of this announcement except as required by law or by any appropriate regulatory authority.

For further inquiries:

Tiziana Life Sciences Ltd
Paul Spencer, Business Development, and Investor Relations
+44 (0) 207 495 2379
email: info@tizianalifesciences.com

[1] https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2220272120

[2] https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2309221120

  • Trial met its dual primary endpoints for (1) statistically significant reduction (p=0.0168) in microglial activation as measured by TSPO PET imaging in patients treated with 50 ug nasal foralumab as compared to placebo and (2) safety/tolerability.
  • Foralumab-treated subjects showed statistically significant and clinically significant improvements in Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) scores compared with their own baseline scores after only 12 weeks of drug therapy. Subjects treated with 50 ug nasal foralumab saw a -6.17 point decrease from baseline (p=0.035), and those treated with 100 ug experienced a -7.18 decrease from baseline (p=0.040). No significant change was seen in the placebo group.

BOSTON, Nov. 02, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Tiziana Life Sciences, Ltd. (Nasdaq: TLSA) (“Tiziana” or the “Company”), a biotechnology company developing breakthrough immunomodulation therapies with its lead development candidate, intranasal foralumab, a fully human anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, today announced positive topline data in its Phase 2a INFORM-MS trial with intranasal foralumab (a human, anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody) in patients with non-active secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (na-SPMS).

Non-active secondary progressive MS is a form of the disease characterized by gradual accumulation of disability independent of relapses. There are currently no FDA-approved therapies specifically indicated for na-SPMS, leaving patients with a significant unmet need, particularly related to progressive disability and fatigue.

The randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial met its dual primary endpoints. Firstly, there was a statistically significant reduction in neuroinflammation (as measured by a reduction in microglial activation with[¹⁸F]PBR06 TSPO PET imaging), (p=0.0168) after 12 weeks of treatment between the 50 ug nasal foralumab treatment arm and placebo. Second, both 50 μg and 100 μg doses of intranasal foralumab were safe and well-tolerated.

The average fatigue scores improved by more than 4 points in both the 50 μg and 100 μg treatment arms, between baseline and Week 12, representing a clinically significant (Rooney et al., 2019) reduction of fatigue as measured by the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS). The MFIS Total Score showed a numerical mean change of –6.17 in the 50 μg arm, –7.18 in the 100 μg arm compared with –3.12 in the placebo arm, representing a clinically significant improvement of more than 4 points within the treatment arms. These reductions were statistically significant compared with each treatment group’s own baseline scores [50 μg dose arm (p=0.035) and 100 μg dose arm (p=0.040)]. We did not see any changes in the EDSS secondary endpoint over the 3-month treatment duration.

“These results represent a significant milestone for patients with non-active secondary progressive MS, a population with significant unmet need and limited treatment options,” said Tanuja Chitnis, M.D., Principal Investigator of the INFORM-MS trial and Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School / Brigham and Women’s Hospital. “The primary imaging endpoint on TSPO PET in the 50 ug nasal foralumab treatment arm from the INFORM-MS study closely mirrors the reductions in microglial activation we previously published in our expanded access program, providing important corroboration in a controlled setting. Equally encouraging is the clinically significant improvement in fatigue as measured by MFIS, despite the short 12-week treatment duration. This clinical effect was notable. We consider these findings as encouraging evidence of the biological activity of nasal foralumab in this MS population where at present there are no approved treatments for these patients. Safety and tolerability were favorable across both doses.”

“These positive topline results from INFORM-MS further validate the therapeutic potential of intranasal foralumab in non-active secondary progressive MS,” said Tarun Singhal, MBBS, M.D., M.B.A., Founding Director, NeuroPET Program, Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Mass General Brigham and Associate Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School. “Seeing a statistically significant reduction in microglial activation on TSPO PET, together with a clinically significant difference in fatigue in both foralumab doses, is highly encouraging. These findings align with what we have observed in the expanded access setting and reinforce the rationale for advancing this novel approach.”

Ivor Elrifi, Chief Executive Officer of Tiziana Life Sciences, commented: “We are extremely pleased that INFORM-MS successfully met its primary endpoints for both safety and reduction in neuroinflammation measured by PET imaging of microglial activation. The statistically significant, and clinically significant improvements from baseline in MFIS at both 50 μg and 100 μg doses further strengthens our conviction in the potential of intranasal foralumab. These data, together with the accumulating real-world evidence from our expanded access program in na-SPMS patients, as well as emerging data from our current trials in AD, ALS, and MSA, positions us well as we advance foralumab to the next stage of development. We would like to express our sincere gratitude to the investigators, clinical site staff, and most importantly the patients and their families who participated in the INFORM-MS trial. Their commitment and partnership made this important study possible, and we deeply appreciate their contributions to advancing potential new treatment options for people living with non-active secondary progressive MS.”

Tiziana developed nasal foralumab for the treatment of neurologic diseases, based on discoveries in the laboratory of Howard L. Weiner, MD, Professor of Neurology at the Harvard Medical School and Co-Director of the Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital.

INFORM-MS enrolled patients across 8 clinical sites in the United States. Participants were randomized to receive placebo (n=18), intranasal foralumab 50 μg (n=19), or intranasal foralumab 100 μg (n=11). Treatment was 12 weeks of dosing delivered in four consecutive three-week cycles. Primary endpoints were safety / tolerability, and change from baseline in microglial activation measured by [¹⁸F]PBR06 TSPO PET. Secondary endpoints included the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).

Primary Endpoints –Microglial Activation (TSPO PET) and Safety

The trial met its neuroinflammation endpoint (measured by TSPO-PET) in patients treated with 50 µg nasal foralumab. In an ANCOVA, assessing all patients who had analyzable PET scans (n=40), adjusting for baseline white-matter/global-brain SUV ratio (SUVR), TSPO binding affinity, baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), timed 25-foot walk (T25FW), recruiting center, and scanner-pair category, the globally normalized White Matter SUVR adjusted treatment difference was -0.0231 (-0.0416 to -0.0046 95% CI), and reached statistical significance (p=0.0168). The 50 µg finding was also significant in the model without EDSS and T25FW adjustment (p = 0.0394). The change in microglial activation mirrored previously published findings from foralumab expanded access program (Chitnis et al., 2026), corroborating the placebo-controlled observations. There was no statistically significant difference in PET over the treatment period in patients treated with 100 µg nasal foralumab (n=11).

The trial also met its primary safety objectives. Foralumab administered as a nasal spray was well tolerated across both dose levels studied. All 48 participants completed treatment and there were no deaths, no discontinuations due to adverse events, or no study-drug related SAEs. Treatment-emergent adverse events occurred in 15/18 (83.3%) of placebo patients and 23/30 (76.7%) of foralumab-treated patients (50 μg and 100 μg combined). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events reported in ≥10% of patients in either foralumab group were headache, fall, nasal congestion, and rhinorrhea.

Secondary Endpoints

This study was not powered to demonstrate definitive changes in clinical parameters such as fatigue (which is a hallmark of the disease). Nonetheless the MFIS Total Score showed a numerical mean change of –6.17 in the 50 μg arm, –7.18 in the 100 μg arm compared with –3.12 in the placebo arm, representing a clinically significant improvement of more than 4 points in each foralumab arm. The approximately twofold greater improvement observed in both foralumab groups supports the totality of evidence that this change is clinically significant, consistent with previous published data from the expanded access program (Chitnis et al., 2026). In addition, the data showed a statistically significant reduction (p=0.035) within the 50 μg dose arm and (p=0.040) within the 100 μg arm in MFIS between baseline and 12-week treatment duration.

Next Steps
Tiziana intends to complete full analysis of the INFORM-MS data set and present the detailed results at an upcoming relevant scientific congress. The Company also plans to engage with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to discuss the results and the potential path forward for further clinical development of intranasal foralumab in na-SPMS.

About Non-Active Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis
Non-active secondary progressive MS is characterized by gradual accumulation of disability without recent relapses or new MRI activity. Microglial activation is believed to play a central role in the progressive biology of the disease. Current treatment options remain limited.

About Foralumab
Foralumab, a fully human anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody, is a biological drug candidate that has been shown to stimulate T regulatory cells when dosed intranasally. At present, 14 patients with Non-Active Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (na-SPMS) have been dosed in an open-label intermediate sized Expanded Access (EA) Program (NCT06802328) with either an improvement or stability of disease seen within 6 months in all patients. Intranasal foralumab is also currently being studied in additional Phase 2 trials in AD, ALS, and MSA.

Intranasal foralumab is the only fully human anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) currently in clinical development. Immunomodulation by intranasal foralumab represents a novel avenue for the treatment of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative human diseases.[1],[2]

About Tiziana Life Sciences

Tiziana Life Sciences is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company developing breakthrough therapies using transformational drug delivery technologies to enable alternative routes of immunotherapy. Tiziana’s innovative intranasal approach has the potential to provide an improvement in efficacy as well as safety and tolerability compared to intravenous (IV) delivery. Tiziana’s lead candidate, intranasal foralumab, which is the only fully human anti-CD3 mAb currently in clinical development, has demonstrated a favorable safety profile and clinical response in patients in studies to date. Tiziana’s technology for alternative routes of immunotherapy has been patented with several applications pending and is expected to allow for broad pipeline applications.

For more information about Tiziana Life Sciences and its innovative pipeline of therapies, please visit www.tizianalifesciences.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements in this press release may be “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, that concern matters that involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated or projected in the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts but rather are based on the Company’s current expectations, estimates, and projections about its industry; its beliefs; and assumptions. Words such as ‘anticipates,’ ‘expects,’ ‘intends,’ ‘plans,’ ‘believes,’ ‘seeks,’ ‘estimates,’ and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements reflect the current beliefs and expectations of Tiziana’s management and statements regarding completion of the INFORM-MS data analysis, presentation of detailed results, engagement with the FDA and potential further clinical development of intranasal foralumab. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, some of which are beyond the Company’s control, are difficult to predict, and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements. The Company cautions security holders and prospective security holders not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect the view of the Company only as of the date of this announcement. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including: the uncertainties related to market conditions and other factors described more fully in the section entitled ‘Risk Factors’ in Tiziana’s Annual Report on Form 20-F for the year ended December 31, 2025, and other periodic reports filed with the SEC from time to time. The forward-looking statements made in this announcement relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. The Company will not undertake any obligation to release publicly any revisions or updates to these forward-looking statements to reflect events, circumstances, or unanticipated events occurring after the date of this announcement except as required by law or by any appropriate regulatory authority.

For further inquiries:

Tiziana Life Sciences Ltd
Paul Spencer, Business Development, and Investor Relations
+44 (0) 207 495 2379
email: info@tizianalifesciences.com

[1] https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2220272120

[2] https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2309221120

Allowed claims cover Lowe syndrome and Dent disease 2; Can-Fite holds development, commercialization, and out-licensing rights for these indications under its agreement with Fondazione Telethon

Ramat Gan, Israel, Nov. 02, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd. (NYSE American: CANF) (TASE:CANF), a biotechnology company advancing a pipeline of proprietary small molecule drugs that address oncological and inflammatory diseases, today announced that the Eurasian Patent Office (EAPO) has issued a notification of readiness to grant a patent covering the use of Piclidenoson for the treatment of diseases associated with OCRL deficiency, including Lowe syndrome and Dent disease 2.

Lowe syndrome is a rare X-linked multisystem genetic disorder caused by mutations in the OCRL gene, resulting in severe renal, neurological, and ocular manifestations. The renal disease is characterized by progressive proximal tubular dysfunction leading to Fanconi syndrome, chronic kidney disease, and eventual kidney failure. Current management is supportive, and no approved therapy addresses the underlying disease mechanism.

The patent application is owned by Fondazione Telethon, Can-Fite’s research partner. Under its agreement with Fondazione Telethon, Can-Fite holds the rights to develop, commercialize, and out-license Piclidenoson for the treatment of Lowe syndrome. The allowance strengthens the intellectual property foundation supporting Can-Fite’s development program and future partnering opportunities in this indication. The grant remains subject to completion of the required formalities.

Piclidenoson was selected for clinical evaluation based on compelling preclinical studies demonstrating restoration of OCRL-dependent cellular function conducted by Dr. Antonella De Matteis, Professor of Biology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology at the University of Naples Federico II, and Program Coordinator of the Cell Biology and Disease Mechanisms at the Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM) in Italy. Can-Fite and Fondazione Telethon have signed a collaboration agreement for the clinical development of Piclidenoson for the treatment of Lowe Syndrome, a high medical need with no drug available.  

The Phase 2 study is an open-label, single-center clinical trial designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral Piclidenoson administered twice daily for six months in 5 adult patients with genetically confirmed Lowe syndrome. The primary endpoint is improvement in renal uptake of 99mTc-DMSA as a measure of proximal tubular reabsorption capacity, with secondary endpoints evaluating urinary biomarkers of tubular function, Fanconi syndrome parameters, and safety.

“This patent allowance strengthens the intellectual property foundation of our Lowe syndrome program and supports its long-term commercial potential,” said Motti Farbstein, CEO of Can-Fite BioPharma. “Together with our development, commercialization, and out-licensing rights, this milestone supports our strategy to advance Piclidenoson as a potential treatment for patients with this rare genetic disease and pursue future partnering opportunities.”

About Piclidenoson

Piclidenoson is a robust anti-inflammatory agent, currently being evaluated in a pivotal Phase 3 psoriasis clinical study under approval of both the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA).

Piclidenoson is a novel, first-in-class, A3 adenosine receptor agonist (A3AR) small molecule, orally bioavailable drug with an excellent safety profile demonstrating evidence of efficacy in Phase II and Phase III clinical studies. The drug’s mechanism of action entails inhibition of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin 17 and 23 (IL-17 and IL-23) and the induction of apoptosis of patients’ skin cell keratinocytes involved with the disease pathogenicity.

About Fondazione Telethon

Fondazione Telethon ETS is one of the main Italian biomedical charities, founded in 1990 on the initiative of a group of patients suffering from muscular dystrophy. Its mission is to achieve the cure of rare genetic diseases through scientific research of excellence, selected according to the best practices shared internationally. Through a unique method in the Italian panorama, it follows the entire “research chain” dealing with fundraising, selection and funding of projects and the research activity itself carried out in the centers and laboratories of the Foundation. Telethon also develops collaborations with public health institutions and pharmaceutical industries to translate the results of research into therapies accessible to patients.  Since its foundation, Telethon has invested more than 660 million euros in research, has funded 2,960 projects with 1,720 researchers involved and 630 diseases studied. To date, thanks to Fondazione Telethon, the first gene therapy with stem cells in the world has been made available, thanks to the collaboration with the pharmaceutical industry. This therapy is intended for the treatment of ADA-SCID, a severe immunodeficiency that compromises the body’s defenses from birth. In 2023, Fondazione Telethon became responsible for the production and distribution of the drug to eligible patients in the European Union 

Another gene therapy resulting from Telethon research made available is the one for a serious neurodegenerative disease, metachromatic leukodystrophy. This therapeutic approach is in an advanced stage of development for another immunodeficiency, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. Other diseases on which the gene therapy developed by Telethon researchers has been evaluated in patients are beta thalassemia and two metabolic diseases of childhood, mucopolysaccharidosis type 6 and type 1. In addition, within the Telethon institutes a targeted therapeutic strategy is being studied or developed for other genetic diseases, such as hemophilia or various hereditary vision defects. In parallel, the study of basic mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches for diseases still unanswered continues in all laboratories funded by Telethon. 

About Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd.

Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd. (NYSE American: CANF) (TASE: CANF) is an advanced clinical stage drug development Company with a platform technology that is designed to address multi-billion dollar markets in the treatment of cancer, liver, and inflammatory disease. The Company’s lead drug candidate, Piclidenoson recently reported topline results in a Phase 3 trial for psoriasis and commenced a pivotal Phase 3 trial. Can-Fite’s liver drug, Namodenoson, is being evaluated in a Phase III trial for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a Phase 2b trial for the treatment of MASH, and in a Phase 2a study in pancreatic cancer. Namodenoson has been granted Orphan Drug Designation in the U.S. and Europe and Fast Track Designation as a second line treatment for HCC by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Namodenoson has also shown proof of concept to potentially treat other cancers including colon, prostate, and melanoma. CF602, the Company’s third drug candidate, has shown efficacy in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. These drugs have an excellent safety profile with experience in over 1,600 patients in clinical studies to date. For more information please visit: www.canfite.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release may contain forward-looking statements, about Can-Fite’s expectations, beliefs or intentions regarding, among other things, the expected grant of the patent described herein, the scope and potential benefits of intellectual property protection, Can-Fite’s development of Piclidenoson for Lowe syndrome, and potential commercialization and partnering opportunities. All statements in this communication, other than those relating to historical facts, are “forward looking statements”. Forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking words such as “believe,” “expect,” “intend,” “plan,” “may,” “should” or “anticipate” or their negatives or other variations of these words or other comparable words or by the fact that these statements do not relate strictly to historical or current matters. Forward-looking statements relate to anticipated or expected events, activities, trends or results as of the date they are made. Because forward-looking statements relate to matters that have not yet occurred, these statements are inherently subject to known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause Can-Fite’s actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements include, among other things, our market and other conditions, history of losses and needs for additional capital to fund our operations and our inability to obtain additional capital on acceptable terms, or at all; uncertainties of cash flows and inability to meet working capital needs; the initiation, timing, progress and results of our preclinical studies, clinical trials and other product candidate development efforts; our ability to advance our product candidates into clinical trials or to successfully complete our preclinical studies or clinical trials; our receipt of regulatory approvals for our product candidates, and the timing of other regulatory filings and approvals; the clinical development, commercialization and market acceptance of our product candidates; our ability to establish and maintain strategic partnerships and other corporate collaborations; the implementation of our business model and strategic plans for our business and product candidates; the scope of protection we are able to establish and maintain for intellectual property rights covering our product candidates and our ability to operate our business without infringing the intellectual property rights of others; competitive companies, technologies and our industry; risks related to not satisfying the continued listing requirements of NYSE American; and statements as to the impact of the political and security situation in Israel on our business. More information on these risks, uncertainties and other factors is included from time to time in the “Risk Factors” section of Can-Fite’s Annual Report on Form 20-F filed with the SEC on March 26, 2026 and other public reports filed with the SEC and in its periodic filings with the TASE. Existing and prospective investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. Can-Fite undertakes no obligation to publicly update or review any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by any applicable securities laws.

Contact

Can-Fite BioPharma

Motti Farbstein 

info@canfite.com

+972-3-9241114

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